With these large studies underway, were starting to see what a viral infection can do and its opening eyes. FM is a chronic condition that widespread musculoskeletal pain, as well as sleep problems, general fatigue, areas of tenderness, and cognitive disturbances. Although in total the number of comments is around 100 so still relatively small. The site is secure. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Online fibromyalgia support groups are another place to find people who understand what you're going through and can give you the emotional backing you need. ", eCancerMedicalScience: "COVID-19 and treatment with NSAIDs and corticosteroids: should we be limiting their use in the clinical setting? The Arthritis Foundations one-of-a-kind podcast. Learn more here. ", Hospital for Special Surgery: "What to Know About Rheumatic Disease and the COVID-19 Coronavirus. (Two of the studies followed COVID-19 patients for a year, while the other followed many of its patients for less than a year.) It isn't clear how long these effects might last. The fact that some diseases are being triggered by the coronavirus, while others are not, is going to tell us something about the impact of an infection on the body. When they do happen, some of the most common vaccine side. Behets disease (aHR:2.32, 95% CI:1.383.89). With medical big data and proven AI algorithms, eHealthMe provides a platform for everyone to run phase IV clinical trials. You can also practice yoga and tai chi, which combine deep breathing with gentle movements. Topols review of autoimmune diseases that occur after a coronavirus infection shows how quickly the field is moving. Because fibromyalgia is not an autoimmune disease, patients are not thought to be more at risk of COVID-19 than someone without the disease. . Laboratory findings showed an elevated C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The Moderna vaccine is an mRNA vaccine that has a 94% effectiveness rate. The idea that infections could have manifest results, including the production of many chronic diseases, showed up in the early 1900s in focal infection theory. Gallium-67 scintigraphy performed 72 hours after, Gallium-67 scintigraphy performed 72 hours after intravenous injection shows an increased uptake in multiple, MeSH Autoimmun Rev 20: 102732, 2021. Future studies should focus on elucidating FMS-related symptoms occurring post-COVID-19. You can use the study as a second opinion to make health care decisions. Other symptomsinclude sputum production, shortness of breath, sore throat, headache, myalgia (muscle pain) or arthralgia (joint pain), chills, vomiting, and nasal congestion. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccination continue to outweigh any potential risks. If soap is not available, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Watch your diet. Channel 9 asked Capozziello why she believed the reaction was from the vaccine. Since autoimmune disease can take a while to show up after an infection, one can only assume that this number will rise over time. Individuals over age 60 are at the highest risk of developing a severe case of COVID-19, while children do not seem to be at a higher risk than adults. Eric Topol recently wrote a blog on the autoimmune implications of COVID-19. The .gov means its official. amzn_assoc_default_search_category = ""; Get the facts and learn how to separate high quality CBD oils from low quality CBD. Among its symptoms are widespread pain, fatigue and the struggle to focus. Coronavirus vaccinations per country over time. Its an odd thing. Pain over the entire body: Fibromyalgia causes pain over the entire bodyupper and lower areas as well as both sides of the body Pain with no known cause: If your pain doesn't seem to be related to a certain injury or event, it could be a sign of fibromyalgia Online resource that helps patients better understand health coverage options, choose the right coverage, manage the denial process and reduce health care costs. Psychological stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may contribute to the severity and duration of physical pain. response), and is gearing up to fight the virus. That feeling oftentimes spreads to the arms or upper body. When you have fibromyalgia, you could be at higher risk for COVID-19 if you also have an autoimmune disease like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. any of these side effects occurring after vaccination differ according to the specific vaccine. While much effort has been focused on defeating infections, despite statistics that maybe 5% of people with an infection have a difficult time recovering, theyve been almost totally ignored until now. How Long Do Coronaviruses Live on Surfaces? As a partner, you will help the Arthritis Foundation provide life-changing resources, science, advocacy and community connections for people with arthritis, the nations leading cause of disability. The Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics provides an up-to-date list of different manual and automated tests that are available or currently in development. ", CreakyJoints.org: "Fibromyalgia and Coronavirus: What Patients Need to Know. A South African variant that appears to be 50% more contagious has already been found in 32 countries. Some experts predict an increase in fibromyalgia cases among those who have had COVID. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands. This article is part of a series of explainers on vaccine development and distribution. The U.K.s experience has been illuminating. AusVaxSafety is tracking whether people experience side effects after COVID-19 vaccines. amzn_assoc_tracking_id = "patientrising-20"; We know that gynecological disorders are increased in ME/CFS and that women are more likely to have long COVID than men, yet I was unable to find any study assessing the prevalence of gynecological disorders in long COVID. Oddly enough, none of these studies have assessed increased incidences of the one disease long COVID has been most associated with ME/CFS. Ottaviani S, Juge PA, Forien M, Ebstein E, Palazzo E, Dieud P. Joint Bone Spine. Our original studies have been referenced on 600+ medical publications including The Lancet, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, and Nature. What general preventive measures should people take? if they experience any unexpected side effects or other health events such as side effects lasting more than three days. Our Pioneers are always ready to explore and find new weapons in the fight against arthritis. ", UpToDate: "Patient education: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (Beyond the Basics).". Reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines have mostly been mild to moderate and have lasted no longer thana few days. GBS causes inflammation of the nerves and can lead to numbness, weakness and pain, usually in the feet, hands and limbs and can spread to the chest and face. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, not thought to be more at risk of COVID-19, The Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, list of different manual and automated tests, I Combine Gratitude With Breathing Exercises for More Effective Pain Relief, Daughters of Women With Fibromyalgia May Experience More Symptoms, How and When to Tell a New Friend That You Have Fibromyalgia, Reciprocating Kindness Can Help With Fibromyalgia Woes. By taking part in the Live Yes! Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. Interestingly, Topol also pointed out that, while such cases appear to be very rare, that COVID vaccines may be triggering some autoimmune conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, Type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and autoimmune polyarthritis) as well. There are currently no reports about how susceptible pregnant women may be to COVID-19 or about transmission of the virus through breast milk. This might result in more frequent visits to the rheumatology clinics with an exacerbation of their chronic pain syndrome. Total score is 35, and the higher score describe higher fear level. More research is needed to understand if and how COVID and the vaccines used to prevent the infection cause tinnitus before a causal relationship can be determined. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. N Engl J Med 384: 2092-2101, 2021. People with FM may be more sensitive to. To ease stress and fibromyalgia symptoms, try these techniques: Relax. The fact that a coronavirus infection is able to trigger so many major autoimmune and neurological diseases is good news for anyone who wants to get to the bottom of how infections trigger chronic illnesses. By the 1920s, it had apparently become widely accepted in medical circles but was largely discredited by the 1960s. Oxygen therapy is the major treatment intervention for patients with severe disease. The increased risk was not low a 20-40% increase in the likelihood of coming down with one of these illnesses and the range of autoimmune illnesses affected was diverse indeed: the studies pointed to dramatic increases in the diagnosis of almost 20 autoimmune diseases. When you go out, stay at least 6 feet away from other people. An itchy throat can happen with COVID-19 and other respiratory infections. Anaphylaxis, a severe type of allergic reaction . COVID-19 vaccines protect against the SARS-CoV-2 virus only, so it's still important to keep yourself healthy and well. There are currently no vaccines available for human coronaviruses including COVID-19. Only forty-one percent said theyd returned to baseline. For most people, however, the . Please note there is a comment section at the very bottom of the polls if you'd like to comment further. Learn about the connection between arthritis, depression and anxiety and how these conditions can make your arthritis worse. If you need DMARDs to treat an autoimmune disease, don't just stop them on your own. I want information on ways to remember the AF in my will, trust or other financial planning vehicles. We have been receiving a steady flow of feedback from people with ME/CFS who have had the first vaccine. They contribute $2,000,000 to $2,749,000. ME/CFS, fibromyalgia, and long COVID blogs here. Fibromyalgia patients are more at risk of developing anxiety in these difficult times. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Vaccines are designed to give you immunity without the dangers of getting the disease. Its also beginning studies into the long-term effects of other pathogens. Ten Ways to Prove ME/CFS is a Serious Illness, Fibromyalgia Central: Basic Introductions to FM, 10 Ways to Prove FM is a Real and Serious Disease, Small Fiber Neuropathy (SFN) Resource Center, A Patch On It: Melissas Amazing Cerebral Spinal Fluid Leak ME/CFS Recovery Story, The Coronavirus Vaccine Side Effects Poll. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. Other symptoms depend on what's being damaged. amzn_assoc_default_search_key = ""; Are there any new treatments in development? Its giving us our first good look at the whole realm of post-infectious illnesses and its a doozy. dermatopolymyositis (aHR:1.96, 95% CI:1.472.61). Check out, below, the astonishingly wide number of disorders a coronavirus infection appears to be triggering. 2022 Oct;41(10) :3245-3252 . Seek immediate medical care if this happens to you. "RA with a Side of Fibromyalgia. Is your cough due to COVID-19, or perhaps the seasonal flu, allergies, RSV, or a cold? RA and Fibro Patient Experience with COVID-19 Vaccine. Talk to your doctor first. Scientists have yet to understand how easily and sustainably the disease can spread among people. This is because your immune system is instructing your body to react in certain ways: it increases blood flow so more immune cells can circulate, and it raises your body temperature in order to kill the virus. by Cort Johnson | Jan 28, 2021 | COVID-19, Homepage | 426 comments, The vaccines are comingWill they be able to snuff out the more contagious viruses before they spread? Image by torstensimon from Pixabay. But none of the approved vaccines contain the live virus that causes COVID-19, which means that COVID-19 vaccines cannot make you sick with COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccines protect against the SARS-CoV-2 virus only, so its still important to keep yourself healthy and well. Vaccines are Rheumatology: "The role of sleep in pain and fibromyalgia. Vaccination is supposed to protect against this - but it can also have side effects. As of January of this year, Topol didnt feel he could say anything concrete about autoimmunity and long COVID, but by May, three large studies following millions of people (thanks to electronic health records) had been published. If you are avoiding pharmacies, some pharmacies have curbside delivery or will deliver your medicine to you so that you don't have to go into the store. Coughing: Is It COVID-19, Flu, Cold, RSV, or Allergies? SARS-CoV-2 is a newly identified pathogen that has not previously been seen in humans and is highly contagious. Other One hundred million doses will be available over the next couple of months in the U.S. Update! Scientists have yet to understand how easily and sustainably the disease can spread among people. 6 Ways to Manage Taking Multiple Prescriptions. If you had problems afterward, well, they werent serious enough to warrant the medical fields attention. Join us and become a Champion of Yes. Take part to be among those changing lives today and changing the future of arthritis. It's actually not that rare if you've looked into r/CovidVaccinated, VAERS, or some COVID/Vaccines patient support groups. However, about 1 in 6 patients become seriously ill and develop breathing difficulties. The study is based on data from the CDC and the FDA. If you score 30 or below on the functional capacity scale shown below feel free to take both polls but if you take just one poll please take the poll for the severely ill. 30: Moderate to severe symptoms at rest. analysis of the Coronavirus Vaccine Side-Effects Poll here. COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and the outbreak has spread quickly across the world, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic. If a mild coronavirus infection can cause long COVID, why not the common cold or the flu or a stomach virus? There are already several ongoing researches about this. . Stress is a big trigger of fibromyalgia flares, and it can worsen symptoms like sleep problems, pain, and depression. Avoid touching your nose, mouth, and eyes. amzn_assoc_height = 250; The following simple preventive measures can help minimize the spread of COVID-19: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) now recommends that people wear face masks in public settings, with some exceptions for preexisting conditions. Take a walk, ride a bike, or do another aerobic exercise for 30 minutes a day at least three times a week. Neurological symptoms stood out in long COVID from the beginning and, of course, are common in ME/CFS, fibromyalgia, and POTS as well. FMS and COVID-19 can coexist, and FMS may create a tendency to vaccine hesitancy. Autoimmun Rev. Learn the basics about health care costs and financial tools available to you. Over time, we should learn which parts of the body or systems in the body are particularly vulnerable to the long-term consequences of infections, and why. All information is observation-only. Disclaimer. Arthritis is not one disease. Despite lingering post-infusion side effects, Shelley made her way to the hospital that Saturday for her third COVID-19 vaccine dose. If you can't see your doctor in person, call their office to schedule a telemedicine visit. The symptoms healthcare providers are seeing in COVID long-haulers bear a striking resemblance to fibromyalgia symptoms. Learn what sets them apart. Don't miss another one. Even if vaccinated, you should continue to follow the CDC's guidelines to protect yourself from COVID-19 when case levels are high in your region: COVID-19 and fibromyalgia have a few symptoms in common, like: These shared symptoms may make it hard to know if you have coronavirus or your fibromyalgia has flared up. amzn_assoc_search_type = "search_widget"; Every gift to the Arthritis Foundation will help people with arthritis across the U.S. live their best life. We herein report a 71-year-old woman presented with a fever, arthralgia, general malaise and leg muscle stiffness following administration of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech). MEA Trustees describe their vaccine experiences. The relationship between COVID-19 and fibromyalgia syndrome: prevalence, pandemic effects, symptom mechanisms, and COVID-19 vaccines Clin Rheumatol. How Is Neuromodulation Used to Treat Tinnitus? amzn_assoc_width = 265; Cover coughs and sneezes with tissues and dispose of them properly. You may have arthritis, but it doesn't have you. People who had severe illness with COVID-19 might experience organ damage affecting the heart, kidneys, skin and brain. A more recent study, published in March of 2023, found vaccine-related cases of tinnitus to be rare, but in certain cases, severe. Multiple infectious agents have been associated with the development of either full-blown fibromyalgia (e.g. Avoid close contact with someone who is ill. (Maintain a distance of at least 6 feet, or 1.8 meters). Most of these symptoms are usually mild, and about 80% of people who get the virus will typically recover without needing any special treatment. The ringing sensation is caused by the loss of cells in the inner ear, and the condition can become exacerbated in people with migraine. Among the symptoms reported during the acute viral illness. That may be because ME/CFS is rarely diagnosed, plus the fact we havent seen many big studies looking at the incidence of musculoskeletal or gut disorders, or disorders like ME/CFS. Body-wide inflammation is at the root of most chronic diseases and you may have more control over it than you think. Besides things like cognitive disorders, sharp increases in the rates of psychotic disorders, epilepsy, stroke, and parkinsonism as well as others. ", PCRM's Nutrition Guide for Clinicians: "Fibromyalgia. Our Visionary partners help us plan for a future that includes a cure for arthritis. Tinnitus is the ringing, buzzing, or hissing sounds you might experience in your ears. Typical side effects include pain at the injection site, fever, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills and diarrhoea. We should not make the mistake we have before and become complacent because the the more contagious forms of the virus havent hit us (yet). Polymyalgia rheumatica following COVID-19 vaccination: A case-series of ten patients. It primarily spreads via respiratory droplets when people cough or sneeze. It is not intended as medical advice and should be used for informational purposes only. Epub 2021 Dec 22. Like any vaccine, COVID-19 vaccines can cause side effects, most of which are mild or moderate and go away within a few days on their own. Before concluding any correlation between the two, we need research that has been peer-reviewed and conducted correctly, Djalilian says. episodic disorders (for example, migraine and seizures). Insulin helps your body process sugars. celiac disease (aHR:2.68, 95% CI:2.512.85). Typing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) revealed the presence of the DRB1*0404/*0803 allele. They contribute $250,000 to $499,999. Webinar: Arthritis Fatigue Causes and Solutions. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. an abnormal one at injection site), Injection site paraesthesia (abnormal skin sensations at injection site), Injection site pruritus (severe itching at injection site), Injection site urticaria (rash of round, red welts on the skin at injection site), Injection site vesicles (fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac at injection site), Ischaemic stroke (stroke; caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain), Joint range of motion decreased (disease of joint movement), Leukocytosis (increased white blood cells), Local reaction (reaction of any substance at the site of use), Lung consolidation (a condition whereby the lung tissues solidify because of the accumulation of solid and liquid material in the air spaces), Lung infiltration (a substance that normally includes fluid, inflammatory exudates or cells that fill a region of lung), Lymphadenitis (inflammation or enlargement of a lymph node), Lymph follicular hypertrophy (an increase in the size of the lymph node follicles), Lymphoedema (localized fluid retention and tissue swelling), Malaise (a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness), Maternal exposure before pregnancy (use of substance before pregnancy), Maternal exposure during pregnancy (use of substance during pregnancy), Mechanical urticaria (urticaria is triggered by mechanical shearing forces e.g. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Like the blog you're reading? While they are much less common than the loss of smell or taste, studies have shown that hearing abnormalities and tinnitus impact people much more substantially than the loss of smell or taste, Dr. Konstantina Stankovic, a board-certified, fellowship-trained otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon with a Stanford Health Care, says. 2022 Mar 15;61(6):903-906. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8829-21. Despite a national lockdown in early January the number of coronavirus patients in hospitals is slmost double its prior peak. Molecular mimicry, the production of particular autoantibodies and the role of . -, Greinacher A, Thiele T, Warkentin TE, et al. Different individuals may respond to medication in different ways. They were your problem, not the medical profession. Another miss. Vaccine researcher Carlos A. Guzmn talks about the benefits, limitations and side effects of the Covid vaccine - as well as allegations of inconsistencies in the approval process. Learn about the four most common warning signs. Infection rates have slowed recently in the U.S., but deaths are still high, and the virus, unfortunately, is turning out to be more genetically nimble genetically that wed hoped. by Cort Johnson | Apr 26, 2023 | Autoimmune, Brain, Cardiovascular, COVID-19, Epstein-Barr Virus, Homepage, Lyme Disease (Borrelia), Pathogens | 43 comments, The coronavirus is triggering all sorts of diseases other than ME/CFS thats good news for anyone with a post-infectious illness. Other germ theories of chronic illness have been proposed but dont seem to have received much attention but my guess is that these long-COVID studies are going to change that. Unable to perform any strenuous tasks. Epub 2021 Dec 28. ME/CFS and POTS are in good company. Fibromyalgia in Pfizer BioNTech COVID Vaccine, Fibromyalgia in Johnson & Johnson COVID Vaccine, Abortion spontaneous (naturally occurring miscarriage), Acute myocardial infarction (acute heart attack), Ageusia (loss of taste functions of the tongue), Agitation (state of anxiety or nervous excitement), Anaphylaxis (serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death), Angioedema (rapid swelling of the dermis), Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix), Appetite - decreased (decreased appetite occurs when you have a reduced desire to eat), Appetite - increased (increased appetite is when you want to eat much more often or in larger quantities than your body requires), Arthritis (form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints), Asthenopia (eyestrain-tiredness of the eyes caused by prolonged close work by a person with an uncorrected vision problem), Atelectasis (partial or complete collapse of the lung), Atrial fibrillation/flutter (atrial fibrillation and flutter are abnormal heart rhythms in which the atria, or upper chambers of the heart, are out of sync with the ventricles), Autoimmune disorder (a condition in which the immune system attacks the body's normal substances and tissue), Belching (release of gas from the digestive tract), Blister (small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure), Blood thyroid stimulating hormone decreased, Bradycardia (abnormally slow heart action), Breast lump (localized swelling that feels different from the surrounding breast tissue), Bronchitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes), Bursitis (inflammation of a bursa, typically one in the knee, elbow, or shoulder), Canker sores (painful, open sore in the mouth), Cardiomyopathy (weakening of the heart muscle), Cardio-respiratory arrest (sudden dysfunction of heart and lungs), Cerebral haemorrhage (bleeding within the brain), Cerebral infarction (less blood supply to brain resulting tissue damage), Chapped lips (cracking, fissuring, and peeling of the skin f lip), Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe), Cognitive disorder (mental health disorders affects learning, memory, perception, and problem solving), Concussion (short loss of normal brain function in response to a head injury), Coronary heart disease (narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries), Deep venous thrombosis (blood clot in a major vein that usually develops in the legs and/or pelvis), Dehydration (dryness resulting from the removal of water), Dermatitis (inflammation of the skin resulting from direct irritation by an external agent or an allergic reaction to it), Dermatitis allergic (inflammation of the skin due allergic reaction), Dermatitis contact (skin reaction (dermatitis) resulting from exposure to allergens), Diverticulitis (digestive disease which involves the formation of pouches (diverticula) within the bowel wall), Dyskinesia (abnormality or impairment of voluntary movement), Ear pruritus (pruritus or itching is ""the unpleasant skin sensation that frequently provokes scratching"" in ear), Eczema (patches of skin become rough and inflamed, with itching and bleeding blisters), Ejection fraction (the percentage of blood that is pumped out of a filled ventricle as a result of a heartbeat), Ejection fraction decreased (systolic heart failure), Encephalopathy (functioning of the brain is affected by some agent or condition), Erythema multiforme (a type of hypersensitivity reaction), Euphoric mood (excessively happy but may become angry or irritable), Eyelid ptosis (falling of the upper or lower eyelid), Eyelid twitch (spontaneous and uncontrolled spasms of the muscles), Facial paralysis (loss of function of face muscle), Facial paresis (weakness in facial muscle movement), Fainting (loss of consciousness and postural tone), Feeding disorder (when children refuse to eat certain food groups), Fibromyalgia (a long-term condition which causes pain all over the body), Flank pain (a distressing sensation experienced around the lower back and the upper abdomen), Flatulence (flatus expelled through the anus), Fluid retention (an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the blood), Formication (a sensation that exactly resembles that of small insects crawling on (or under) the skin), Gallstones (stone formation by bile component), Gastroesophageal reflux disease (a condition in which stomach contents leak backward from the stomach into the oesophagus), Gastrointestinal disorder (functional problems of gastrointestinal tract), Gastrointestinal haemorrhage (bleeding gastrointestinal tract), Gaze palsy (disorders affecting the ability to move both eyes in the same direction), General physical health deterioration (weak health status), Glossodynia (a burning or painful sensation in the tongue), Gout (uric acid crystals building up in the body), Guillain-barre syndrome (the body's immune system attacks its peripheral nervous system), Haematochezia (passage of stools containing blood), Haematoma (collection of blood outside the blood vessels), Hallucinations (sensations that appear real but are created by your mind), Heart palpitations (feelings or sensations that your heart is pounding or racing), Hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body), Hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body), Herpes simplex (herpes simplex is a common viral infection), Hyperacusis (disorder in loudness perception), Hyperhidrosis (abnormally increased sweating), Hyperkalemia (damage to or disease of the kidney), Hypoaesthesia (reduced sense of touch or sensation), Hypoaesthesia oral (reduced sense of touch or sensation in mouth), Hyponatremia (abnormally low level of sodium in the blood; associated with dehydration), Hypotension (abnormally low blood pressure), Hypothyroidism (abnormally low activity of the thyroid gland, resulting in retardation of growth and mental development), Idiopathic or primary livedo reticularis (netlike pattern of reddish-blue skin discoloration, usually on the legs), Incoherent (talking in a confused and unclear way), Incontinence (lack of moderation or self-control), Injection site cellulitis (injection site inflammation), Injection site erythema (redness at injection site), Injection site haemorrhage (bleeding from injection site), Injection site nodule (small swelling or aggregation of cells in the body, esp.
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