So yeah, how much antimatter would it take to level a house? Though one of the answer does say that we would need 1.3 trillion tonnes of antimatter to blow up the Earth. If you really need to do this on the cheap, a 400 km asteroid is really quite a bit of overkill and a 100 km asteroid is probably enough to kill all animal life big enough to be interesting to most people although it may not completely sterilize the earth, and your only need 1 metric ton to target earth. All I've ever read is science fiction, and they seem to be wildly wildly different in how dangerous Antimatter actually is. Thankfully, outside the realms of science fiction, we won't see antimatter destroying cities anytime soon. Would matter-antimatter annihilation create a fireball or not? 1 gram of TNT = 2930.76 joules. However small scale antimatter weapons are much more affordable, as I mentioned earlier you can create a bullet with a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter in it for only $600,000. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Big Bang scientists have long claimed that some unknown physics somehow allowed a slightly greater amount of primordial normal matter to be produced, and this leftover normal matter eventually became the material stuff of the universe. Both antimatter and matter were created after the big bang, and the universe should be made up of 50% matter, and 50% antimatter. This sounds like a good thing at first, but it just means that antimatter weapons could be seen as more politically acceptable, and therefore more likely to be used in warfare. Speed it up enormously 3. Now, we wouldn't want that, would we? This gives us an energy of around 3.6x10 23 J. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. The solar irradiance of the Sun every 12 hours. Collisions between these photons would have resulted in the production of particlesparticles which would eventually become stars, galaxies, and people. At the moment of the Big Bang, all the energy of the Universe was concentrated and exploded. "In the case of a chemical reaction, you're transforming only about a millionth of the mass of the object of the molecule into energy,"Professor Doser says. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. So not only would they be more powerful than nukes, but also more likely to be used on people. This wave leads to an abrupt increase in pressure. What differentiates living as mere roommates from living in a marriage-like relationship? The term "TNT equivalence" is a normalization technique for equating properties of an explosive to TNT, the standard. Antimatter is one of the most unstable substances in the world. I rolled back the edit that added a formula at the end, which was the reason for my comment. There are many ways to calculate "TNT equivalence" and the term is often misused because the property in question and basis for the equivalence are not defined. [10], Such differences can be substantial. Similarly, you can estimate the blast radius for c4 explosives too. Bananas are made out of potassium-40 which produces positrons as it decays. ", "Mount St. Helens -- From the 1980 Eruption to 2000, Fact Sheet 036-00", "USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: Energy and Broadband Solution: OFF W COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA", Currently deployed U.S. nuclear weapon yields, Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons, "Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements", "The eruption of Krakatoa, August 27, 1883", "Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance", "Global nuclear weapons: downsizing but modernizing", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "Minimize Harm and Security Risks of Nuclear Energy", "Hurricane FAQ NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory", "Tambora 1815: Just How Big Was The Eruption? The sub-atomic particles of matter have the opposite properties of antimatter. There's no way $10^{32} / 10^{17} = 10^{27}$, much less $10^{32} \times 10^{17} = 10^{27}$, no matter where you place any 1.72 multiplicative factor. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. The gammas then scatter of air molecules, transferring the energy into heat. Multiplying by the mass of the atmosphere $M_{atm}=5.1*10^{18}$ gives us how much energy it takes to heat the atmosphere by 1 degree Kelvin, $C_v*M_{atm}=3.6567*10^{18}kJ*K^{-1}$. Are Neutrons and anti-Neutrons attracted to each other over distance? But say I had 1 Antimatter Electron, and I just opened a container in a room, what would happen? "One particle is left over out of a billion, and this one particle out of a billion is everything we see in the Universe. There is no antimatter left in the Universe from the Big Bangthat we're aware of, he says. There are many hypothetical antimatter weapons, the most well known of which is the antimatter bomb. E = mc^2 Each gram of antimatter will release roughly twice as much energy as the Hiroshima bomb. And yes, bizarrely, energy can become the mass of matter and vice versa. You can also compare energy generated from different reactions with respect to the mass of TNT using our energy conversion calculator. If the null hypothesis is never really true, is there a point to using a statistical test without a priori power analysis? If you want to kill all humans on earth, you have a couple of options: According to this person 57 trillion annihilations at 30 cm gives you 1 rad of radiation. Antimatter is one of the costliest materials in the world. Check what you could have accomplished if you get out of your social media bubble. If those are still fairly small numbers, how big would the Enterprise D exploding really be? From some rough calculations with 10g of anti hydrogen, I came out at roughly a gigatonne of TNT's worth of energy - 1.2x10^22J. [5][6][7][8], Where for example the comparison is by energy yield, an explosive's energy is normally expressed for chemical purposes as the thermodynamic work produced by its detonation. But whenever this happens when loads of energy gets concentrated and turned into the mass of matter antimatter isborn too. Using PETN, engineers would need 1.0/1.66 (or 0.60) kg to obtain the same effects as 1kg of TNT. Actually, its even worse than that, because matter and antimatter particles annihilate one another whenever they come into contact! I have no idea how to get that in an antimatter bomb, because of the fizzle problem noted above. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Con: You need a lotta bombs. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? Given how difficult it is to make antimatter, this is probably the only way could do so using antimatter within the next 100 years. This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 04:10. With about 100,000 ships out there, that's a lot of survivors. $3.6567*10^{18}kJ*K^{-1} * 200K=7.31310^{20} kJ$. We have a mole of atoms in a gram, or a total energy release of (2 GeV)(6 x 10^23)(1.6 x 10^-19 J/eV) = 2 x 10^14 J, or 200 terajoules. It seems like 2, 200kg antimatter bombs, in short succession, dropped into the Yellowstone Caldera would be fairly certain to ignite a life ending volcanic eruption saving a trillion tons of antimatter, more or less. As we learned in real estate, location, location, location. However for only $600,000 you could fit a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter into a snipers bullet. Antimatter: how the worlds most expensive and explosive substance is made, Catch up with The Loop, your quick wrap of this morning's news. Upon an explosive detonation, a shock wave originates and compresses the air, causing an abrupt increase in pressure. You bet. Get all the latest science stories from across the ABC. No, the only way to be sure is to be thorough. It was created by an international team of scientists at CERN. The question you linked is about the different ways to destroy a planet, not about the amount of antimatter needed to perform the 3 tasks in my question. Matter-antimatter annihilation from a hypothetical macroscopic explosion would produce the same particles as proton-antiproton annihilation in microscopic quantities in accelerator experiments. Use MathJax to format equations. Since after the Big Bang there was nothing left but matter and antimatter in equal amounts, they should have annihilated everything. For example, if a timber-cutting formula calls for a charge of 1kg of TNT, then based on octanitrocubane's RE factor of 2.38, it would take only 1.0/2.38 (or 0.42) kg of it to do the same job. But antimatter is incredibly scarce, and scientists still dont know why. What Is Antimatter? [4] As such, Hui Chen of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory dismissed concerns about antimatter bombs in 2008 as "unrealistic". The energy liberated by one gram of TNT was arbitrarily defined as a matter of convention to be 4184J,[12] which is exactly one kilocalorie. What are the arguments for/against anonymous authorship of the Gospels, Weighted sum of two random variables ranked by first order stochastic dominance. This convention intends to compare the destructiveness of an event with that of conventional explosive materials, of which TNT is a typical example, although other conventional explosives such as dynamite contain more energy. You'll need a fair bit of antimatter, um, let's see 1 Mt is $4.1\times10^{15} J$ so the Tsar Bomba (in the tested config) at $42MT = 1.72 \times10^{17} J$ How much antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans, eradicate all animals and blow up the Earth? A 10kg antimatter bomb would cause a gigantic 230 megaton explosion. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? This form is part of the U.S. implementation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and is submitted voluntarily by mines that conduct blasts with over 300 short tons "TNT equivalent" of explosives. This service may include material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, AAP, CNN and the BBC World Service which is copyright and cannot be reproduced. Although submission of USGS form 9-4040-A is not mandatory, IME recommends that applicable mining operations submit the form to keep U.S. antiproliferation authorities informed. The results of this latest experiment show that a property of the antiproton (called its magnetic moment) is identical in magnitude to the magnetic moment of its proton counterpart to within a precision of just a couple of parts per billion. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. i got the conversion completely wrong because i got the energy output in joules, thought i was in megatons of TNT, then converted back to joules which is why i was so far off, Putting grams of antimatter in the atmosphere, physics.stackexchange.com/questions/69440/, physics.stackexchange.com/questions/74019/, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. Unfortunately that is rather slow, so a few humans will likely survive in bunkers you don't know about, for quite a long time. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184gigajoules (1gigacalorie),[1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. It's one antiparticle per hour, approximately," Professor Doser says. Converts antimatter to energy in joules. Approximately 10 grams of antiprotons would be enough fuel to send a manned spacecraft to Mars in one month. This international scientific institution in Switzerland is home to the Large Hadron Collider, and it regularly exposes the hidden particles that make up our universe. [4], Alternative values for TNT equivalency can be calculated according to which property is being compared and when in the two detonation processes the values are measured. For TNT this has been accurately measured as 4686J/g from a large sample of air blast experiments, and theoretically calculated to be 4853J/g. by Weaselmancer ( 533834 ) on Monday October 04, 2004 @04:06PM ( #10432675 ) The San Francisco Chronicle is reporting that the Air Force is actively pursuing antimatter weapons. [5], Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion proposes the use of antimatter as a "trigger"[6] to initiate small nuclear explosions; the explosions provide thrust to a spacecraft. A quarter of a gram of antimatter threatens to unleash the power of 5,000 tons of TNT and destroy everything within a half-mile radius - or so goes the fictional story. The first is that the technology developed in CERN's Antimatter Factory has been appliedin medical imaging tools calledPET scanners. Extreme caution is advised. Bill Gates couldnt afford more than one millionth of a gram. Right now, antimatter - with a price tag of about $62.5 trillion per gram - is the most expensive substance on the Earth. The antimatter bomb would by far be the most powerful thing humans ever created. The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. You can also convert entire earth into energy but you have to look for antimatter earth to do it. But because this claim is not based on any empirical science, its never been anything more than pure speculation.
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