If you are uncomfortable writing about your personal experience with your region's religion, then simply make up a scenario about the way geography and religion intersect. According to Alberto R.W. This was an experience shared by all peoples in the region, regardless of distinctions in religious identity(ies), social class, urban or rural location, age, or gender. Author of, William Haas Professor Emeritus of Chinese Politics, Stanford University, California. A religious group that goes around burning the temples of other sects is likely to spark a war. Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Indus Valley civilizations all developed near each other and could trade and influence one another. Geography has played a significant role in the development and spread of religions in West Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and China. After all, how can people with different values live together peacefully? To be meaningful, of course, something must be relevant. The climatological weather patterns of the wider Mediterranean Sea region govern seasonal wind flows, as well as precipitation. Similarly, China's ongoing genocide against the Muslim Uyghur minority is supposed to wipe out the "Three Evil Forces" of separatism, terrorism, and extremism. My own book Sacred Worlds: an introduction to Geography and Religion, was published in 1994. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Tropical Rainforest - Hainan Province, China. President Joe Biden is set to meet President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. of the Philippines as concerns grow about China's harassment of Philippine vessels in the South China Sea, President Joe Biden is set to meet President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. as concerns grow about China's harassment of Philippine vessels in the South China Sea, Chinese authorities are preparing to release a man who disappeared three years ago after publicizing videos of overcrowded hospitals and bodies during the COVID-19 outbreak, A former U.S. national security adviser has called for deeper interaction between his country and Taiwan during a visit to the self-ruled island, which has seen increasing military threats from China, Foreign companies are under growing pressure in China from anti-corruption, security and other investigations as President Xi Jinpings government tightens control over business. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. In India the himalayan mountains to north protected from invasions until the Mongols occupied some of the subcontinent territories. 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Asad, Talal. The most obvious change in political institutions was that the old feudal structure was replaced by systems of incipient bureaucracy under monarchy. Geography influences the development of the people who occupy given areas. This perspective can make sense from a disciplinary standpoint, but by focusing on individual world religions categories to the exclusion of other variables, such as geography, this perspective also can occlude understanding. When he went out into the streets and saw sick, old, and dying people, he wanted to do something to change it. Central to Chinas long-enduring identity as a unitary country is the province, or sheng (secretariat). Assistant Professor, Religious Studies When we study Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir as. In fact, since at least 1200 CE, agrarian communities of Jews, Christians, Muslims, and others in the Eastern Mediterranean largely have shared and sometimes conflated the figures of Jewish Elijah, Christian St. George, and Muslim al-Khir. Kevin has edited encyclopedias, taught history, and has an MA in Islamic law/finance. Geography does not only affect where particular religions or belief systems, such as the worlds major faiths, are located but it can affect how specific beliefs are practiced and behaviors that it encourages. Despite similar characteristics between Baal-Hadad, Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir, and the fact that, for at least the past 800 years, local agricultural communities of Jews, Christians, Muslims, Druze, Alawites, and others have venerated and often conjoined these figures, outside of the Eastern Mediterranean, the linkages between these figures previously were unable to be seen. The Romans before him waged extermination campaigns against Christians who would not bow to the emperor. From the ninth century to the twelfth century, Islamic culture flourished and crystallized into what we now recognize as Islam. These religions emphasized the importance of living in harmony with nature and the importance of social harmony, which was well suited to the agricultural way of life. Westerners have come to believe that religious differences do not necessarily undermine social order. Twilight of the Saints: Everyday Religion in Ottoman Syria and Palestine. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Even when the country was penetrated by such barbarian peoples as the Manchu, these groups soon became largely absorbed into the fabric of Han Chinese culture. In the part of human beings lives in _____ with environment a) Care b) co-operation c) Happily d) Harmony. There are also many seas that border China. These religions emphasized the importance of living in harmony with nature and the cycles of life, which was well suited to the agricultural way of life. For example, ISIS terrorists often invoked the Crusades, which ran from 1095 to 1271, in their campaign to establish an Islamic state in the 2010s. Despite that, much of the Levant falls within the 400 mm (12 inches) isohyet, and most of the region generally receives, therefore, sufficient annual rainfall to enable the cultivation of rainfall or rain-fed agriculture. If you want to understand the origins of yogic texts and practices within Hindu religious traditions, you must seek to contextualize their emergence by investigating the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali for the 4th-century CE religious, political, and geographical (relating to place) conditions that combined to influence their development. Unlike the other early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley, ancient China was surrounded by natural barriers that kept them isolated from the western world. China has many natural barriers that affected the country's development and created four distinct regions. Religion can influence the culture of an entire community, nation, or region of the world. These religions emphasized the importance of living a simple and spiritual life, which was well suited to the harsh living conditions of the desert. China, Chinese (Pinyin) Zhonghua or (Wade-Giles romanization) Chung-hua, also spelled (Pinyin) Zhongguo or (Wade-Giles romanization) Chung-kuo, officially People's Republic of China or Chinese (Pinyin) Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo or (Wade-Giles romanization) Chung-hua Jen-min Kung-ho-kuo, country of East Asia. Jennie Ebeling --Department of Archaeology and Art History, University of Evansville, Copyright 2000-2023 The Bible and Interpretation| All Rights Reserved |The University of Arizona | Developed bySBS Tech In the sixteenth-seventeenth century Geographers studied the spread of Christianity on a worldwide scale, Why? If you want to understand the origins of yogic texts and practices within Hindu religious traditions, you must seek to contextualize their emergence by investigating the, Asad, Talal. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Another way in which we can see the effects of geography on religious narratives, figures, motifs, metaphors, and structures in this example, in the area of the Levant is through the notion of agrarian religion, first identified and coined by James Grehan in his 2014 book, Twilight of the Saints: Everyday Religion in Ottoman Syria and Palestine (Grehan 2014). However, the political interest was more on internal land than water. Cultural diffusion can also happen through migration. Geography of Religion as A Theory: Geography Shapes Religion "Geography is far more important in the study of religions than is generally appreciated. What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? The trauma of this external challenge became the catalyst for a revolution that began in the early 20th century against the old regime and culminated in the establishment of a communist government in 1949. For example, in Yemen, it is illegal to convert from Islam to another religion. This manner of organization and study focuses on discrete, comprehensive traditions, and normative beliefs and practices (Knott 2010, 478). She is an instructional designer, educator, and writer. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Hinnels, John R., ed. She attended the Business school at the University of Houston where she received her Bachelor's in Business Administration. How did geography affect religious events and development in West Asia, in the Indian subcontinent, and in China? Lastly, Geography of Religion as a method helps underscore, as well, the importance of cultural context within religious studies. I feel like its a lifeline. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The provinces are traceable in their current form to the Tang dynasty (618907 ce). Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. How does geography play a role in the development and spread of religion? As a result, it is difficult for many to imagine that many religions can peacefully coexist within a single society. Since it is a driving force for billions of people, religion is a fruitful area of study. Thus, many Jews in Israel are not believers, but they are still Jewish. Most Americans polled in 2022 expect to see a civil war within their lifetimes. Agricultural concerns, foremost among them water, droughts, and crop yields, shaped the contours of agrarian religion. These terrains were dangerous for Armies to travel. succeed. Gerrymandering History, Types & Examples | What is Gerrymandering? Example: If your region is filled with a lot of yoga studios, there may be a high Buddhist population in the area. The Invention of World Religions. From small farming communities rose dynasties such as the Zhou (1046-256 B.C.E. A more contemporary approach to the study of the intersections of geography and religion not only highlights the role of religion in affecting landscape changes and in assigning sacred meanings to specific places, but also acknowledges how in turn, religious ideology and practice at specific spaces are guided and transformed by their location. Fimbulwinter consists of three consecutive winters with no intervening summers, during which time snow comes from all directions and most of the living world dies of the cold. Religion is also studied within cultural geography, which studies how cultural processes spread. She has been a classroom teacher for more than 16 years and currently works at an international baccalaureate middle school located in Houston, TX. These two natural barriers kept Ancient China safe from invaders, but also blocked them from expanding southwards. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Civilization began in China along the Huang he and Chang Jiang rivers. China is surrounded by physical land features that kept Ancient China isolated. China, which has the largest population of any country in the world, is composed of diverse ethnic and linguistic groups. Although religion undoubtedly causes some conflicts, its role as a uniting force means that it also acts as a source of social harmony. Religious extremists then draw on these passages to justify their use of force. Returning to the major example of this article, the characteristics shared by Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir in the Eastern Mediterranean long have been considered peculiar when those figures were studied solely as products of their respective religious traditions; i.e., when they were studied from within a world religions paradigm. The War also scared off other civilizations like Rome, Arabians, and Persians. And these motifs extend even further back in time. | 11 Throughout the second half of the second millennium BCE and the first millennium BCE, Baal-Hadad often was named the patron deity of particular cities, inspiring local epithets of Baal-Hadad that linked him with those cities (e.g., Baal of Tyre, Baal of Aleppo). Wright --University of Arizona, Center for Judaic Studies There were advantages and disadvantages to these natural barriers. However, the other world religions can be easily separated from ethnicity. Also known as: Chung-hua, Chung-hua Jen-min Kung-ho-kuo, Chung-kuo, Peoples Republic of China, Zhongguo, Zhonghua, Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo, Emeritus Professor of Chinese, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 5 March 2016. In fact, many people think that religious diversity is healthy, making life more interesting and valuable. 1 How geography influences religion and religion affect culture? Specifically, it was Asia Minor(or Anatolia), which is now modern-day Turkey, became the landbridge between Europe and Asia. In general, the Eastern Mediterranean is arid, with rainfall totals decreasing from north to south and west to east, and with drought being a regular climatological condition. The holy spirit., what did the apostle of Jesus do which brought joy to many?, what do we need to do to understand and apply the teachings of jesus in our life., Why do we need to determine the cultural relativism in attaining the cultural understanding?. Of course, Fimbulwinter represents just one of dozens of possible examples of the influence of northern geography and climate upon the development of Norse mythological narratives and figures. Southern China has a very subtropical climate and remains mildly warm to hot throughout the year. The location of the Levant, situated at the Eastern littoral of the Mediterranean Sea basin, has affected regional climate and rainfall patterns. humans.d. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. This allowed China to develop independently without any outside influences. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Why do you think that people ignore Jesus?explain your answer.2. 2007. - Biography, Facts & Accomplishments, German Luftwaffe in WW2: Definition & Ranks, The Munich Conference of 1938: Definition & Overview, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Everest being the highest peak. Those texts usually have been interpreted in tradition-specific ways that reinforce internal theological principals and religious identities and leave no natural reason, on the basis of their texts, to understand Baal-Hadad, Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir as anything other than discrete, unrelated figures from within their respective and separate religious communities. Answer: West Asia's geography was perfect for the spread of the three religions since there are many civilizations around the area. Yes. These natural barriers kept other civilizations from entering the region. The father and the son.b. All rights reserved. Unlike other deserts, the Gobi Desert does not contain large sand dunes throughout. This area became a prime location to grow rice, which became a staple food for the Chinese culture. They might also be able to show how geography can shape the borders of certain religions. This relative isolation from the outside world made possible over the centuries the flowering and refinement of the Chinese culture, but it also left China ill prepared to cope with that world when, from the mid-19th century, it was confronted by technologically superior foreign nations. Why emerging markets might be worth owning in a diversified portfolio, Religious beliefs and social organization, Dynastic authority and the succession of emperors, The Dong (Eastern) Jin (317420) and later dynasties in the south (420589), The Shiliuguo (Sixteen Kingdoms) in the north (303439), The barbarians: Tangut, Khitan, and Juchen, The courts relations with the bureaucracy, Internal solidarity during the decline of the Nan Song, Changes under Kublai Khan and his successors, The antiforeign movement and the second Opium War (Arrow War), Industrialization for self-strengthening, Reformist and revolutionist movements at the end of the dynasty, The development of the republic (191220), The Nationalist government from 1928 to 1937, Conflicts within the international alliance, Phase three: approaching crisis (194445), Reconstruction and consolidation, 194952, New directions in national policy, 195861, Leaders of the Peoples Republic of China since 1949, A Brief Overview of Chinas Cultural Revolution, A Look at Hong Kong and China 20 Years After Reunification, Which Country Is Larger By Population? How culture affected the development of religions? Internal and External Criticism - brainly.ph/question/3459292, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . The Himalayan Mountains have the highest elevation in the world, with Mt. In the modern West, the great religions of the world coexist side-by-side. Over the centuries, provinces gained in importance as centres of political and economic authority and increasingly became the focus of regional identification and loyalty. The Yellow Sea lies along the eastern coast of China between China and the Korean Peninsula, and it also extends into the Western Pacific Ocean. Using this method, texts, images, and sites associated with particular gods or other religious figures, with motifs, and with metaphors can be geographically contextualized. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It does not store any personal data. DepartmentBldg Tucson, AZ 85721 TEL 520-621-6897 FAX 520-626-9014. The Ancient Chinese have thrived for thousands of years because of the geography, their skills, and their talents. If religion is a whole way of life, many people simply cannot imagine that different religions could coexist peacefully. Similarly, when the Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan accepted Islam, thousands of nomadic Turkic bands followed him into the faith. Hindu Deities | Who Are the Main Hindu Gods? China is unique among nations in its longevity and resilience as a discrete politico-cultural unit. The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies Part Two. In, Schwemer, Daniel. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. There are just too many topics cover! God is the father,god is the son,and god is also _______.a. This, in turn, helps us more precisely to analyze specific religious traditions and better explain particular complexities that otherwise would be inexplicable. In approximately three to four paragraphs, write an essay that explains the connection between religion and ethnicity. Pretend that you are a geographer studying religion. Religion also helps people comprehend death. God.c. Create a poster or chart that illustrates how religious differences and conflicts can play out. The geography of religion also takes account of the relationship between religion and ethnicity. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. A traditional world religions perspective remains prevalent within religious studies textbooks and theoretical approaches (Asad 1993, 27-54; Masuzawa 2005). In West Asia, the harsh desert environment and the scarcity of resources led to the development of monotheistic religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. A geographer of religion attempts to understand how religious beliefs and practices affect people of a certain society and region. It is the largest of all Asian countries and has the largest population of any . Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. Although the trade routes helped spread the Chinese culture with trade, Ancient China still did not allow foreigners into the region. Georgic Cults and Saints of the Levant. In, Knott, Kim. However, until the Enlightenment, this distinction was rarely made. Author of. Hainan Province is the southern most province and the smallest in China. The lush plains of the east and west became populated areas of India. Religious beliefs and ideas, symbols and practice, are naturally affected by the social and geographical conditions in which the theology is elaborated (Hinnels 2010, 13). Nonetheless, while the Chinese state has remained unitary in form, the vast size and population of Chinas provinceswhich are comparable to large and midsize nationsdictate their continuing importance as a level of subnational administration. Three main features in particular have affected geography in the Eastern Mediterranean. In southern Mesopotamia, the Sumerian god Ikur was responsible for storms, wind, lightning, rain, and thunder, but generally, he belonged to a less-important category of the great gods. Now, with the forthcoming changes in the New York State Regents Exam and the skills students need to be prepared for that test, there is even less time to focus on the historical content presented in this unit. Thus, China grew independently with lesser external influence on its cultural growth. Author of, University Professor Emeritus of History and Sociology, University of Pittsburgh. Naturally, these factors also affect the development of religious notions: gods and narratives take on particular characteristics or serve particular purposes relevant to and reflective of certain geographical areas (and not reflective of other areas); motifs and metaphors are more meaningful in certain geographical areas than in others; and historical religious structures and the locations in which they are built are largely shaped by the landscapes out of which they are born. Geography of Religion methods allow us the opportunity more clearly to understand both of these phenomena. What are the major features that characteristize African rivers? Monotheism History, Origin & Examples | What is Monotheism? In old Norse mythology, Fimbulvetr (Fimbulwinter or great winter) is the harsh winter that precedes the end of the world. How did geography affect religious events and development in West Asia, in the Indian subcontinent, and in China 1 See answer Advertisement Advertisement garciajessa072 garciajessa072 Answer: it will affect their belief but still i don't know . The Plateau of Tibet lies just southeast of the Himalayan Mountains and extends north to the Kunlun Mountains. Typically, mountains and rivers have become barriers for human expansion in the past. Haddad, Hassan S. 1960. Discover what the relationship between religion and geography is and learn how geography and culture affect religion. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you The much drier, cooler climate in the eastern part of China brought much famine and drought in ancient times. That is, texts, images, and sites can be thought of like artifacts that can tell us a great deal about the societies in which they were produced. So that we can be New York: Routledge. How does geography affect society culture and trade? She is certified to teacher Math, Science, Social Studies, and Language Arts for levels EC-8th grade. Religious violence can also be based on strong differences in beliefs. The biggest advantage is that China was able to stay isolated from outsiders and was protected from any invaders. Along with the mainland, there are a few islands, mainly Hainan Island, that are also part of this territory.
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