Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, & Biodiversity, Built Environment, Urban Systems, & Cities, Climate Effects on U.S. International Interests, Sector Interactions, Multiple Stressors, & Complex Systems, Hawaii & U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands, Reducing Risks Through Adaptation Actions, Reducing Risks Through Emissions Mitigation, Information in the Fourth National Climate Assessment, Scenarios for the National Climate Assessment, https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/downloads, 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0723:ccafd]2.0.co;2, 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0479:LOFSCF]2.0.CO;2, 10.1666/0094-8373(2000)26[194:ROPPAC]2.0.CO;2, 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.50dfc7f46798675fc63e7d7da563da76, 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2045:SLRACF]2.0.CO;2, Strong evidence (established theory, multiple sources, consistent results, well documented and accepted methods, etc. Changing winter temperature extremes, wildfire patterns, sea levels, hurricanes, floods, droughts, and warming ocean temperatures are expected to redistribute species and greatly modify ecosystems (very likely, high confidence). In fact, the majority of the non-metropolitan counties in the coastal region have lost residents since 2010. Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, Baton Rouge, LA, 171 pp. As a result, the ecological resources that people depend on for livelihood, protection, and well-being are increasingly at risk, and future generations can expect to experience and interact with natural systems that are much different than those that we see today (very likely, high confidence). | Intra-annual droughts, like the one in 2016, are expected to become more frequent in the future.6 Thus, drought and greater fire activity134 are expected to continue to transform forest ecosystems in the region (see Ch. Diem, J. E., C. E. Stauber, and R. Rothenberg, 2017: Heat in the southeastern United States: Characteristics, trends, and potential health impact. Rising, and Paul Wilson, 2015: Economic Risks of Climate Change: An American Prospectus. Seasonal warming has varied. WUCA Strategic Planning Committee, 2016: Water Utility Climate Alliance 20172021 Strategic Plan. Warming ocean temperatures due to climate change are expected to have a large effect on marine and coastal ecosystems.234,235,236 Many species are sensitive to small changes in ocean temperature; hence, the distribution and abundance of marine organisms are expected to be greatly altered by increasing ocean temperatures. Kennedy, J. P., M. W. Pil, C. E. Proffitt, W. A. Boeger, A. M. Stanford, and D. J. Devlin, 2016: Postglacial expansion pathways of red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, in the Caribbean Basin and Florida. Books, 2003: Modeling mangrove forest migration along the southwest coast of Florida under climate change. Future temperature increases are projected to pose challenges to human health. Increased access to high-quality education and workforce development programs can strengthen the labor force. The Southeasts coastal plain and inland low-lying regions support a rapidly growing population, a tourism economy, critical industries, and important cultural resources that are highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. In Lenoir County, for example, manufacturing employs 25% of the workforce, whereas statewide this sector only employs 12% of the labor force1, and the countys population declined by 4.4% from 2010 to 2017. There is high confidence that increases in temperature are very likely to increase heat-related illness, deaths, and loss of labor productivity without greater adaptation efforts. Winter temperature extremes, fire regimes, sea levels, hurricanes, rainfall extremes, drought extremes, and warming ocean temperatures greatly influence the distribution, abundance, and performance of species and ecosystems. USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Washington, DC, 11 pp. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, MD, 75 pp. USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS), Washington, DC, accessed March 14. Scott issues updates on Hurricane Irma preparedness. While all regional residents and communities are potentially at risk for some impacts, some communities or populations are at greater risk due to their locations, services available to them, and economic situations. 6: Forests, KM 1 and KM 3).274, Wildfire is a well-known risk in the Southeast region, where it occurs with greater frequency than any other U.S. region.275 However, mitigation strategies, particularly the use of prescribed fire, can significantly reduce wildfire risk and have been widely adopted across rural communities in the Southeast.190 A doubling of prescribed fire at the landscape scale has been found to reduce wildfire ignitions by a factor of four,4 while it is well documented that prescribed fire reduces the potential for crown fire in treated forest stands.276With greater projected fire risks,191,277 more attention on how to foster fire-adapted communities offers opportunities for risk reduction (see Case Study Prescribed Fire and Key Message 3).278,279, Heat-related health threats are already a risk in outdoor jobs and activities. 7: Ecosystems).136,137. Implementation of these strategies has already resulted in a reduction in water consumption in the city of Atlanta, relieving strain on the water utility and increasing resilience.50. While 2017 tied the previous record year of 2011 for the total number of billion-dollar weather and climate disasters16the year broke the all-time previous record high costs by reaching $306.2 billion in damages (in 2017 dollars; $297 billion in 2015 dollars). To help gardeners and farmers, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has produced plant hardiness zone maps that can be used to determine which species are most likely to survive and thrive in a given location. If you place a premium on safety and performance, CPT is the Recent social science studies have indicated that people may migrate from many coastal communities that are vulnerable to the impacts of sea level rise, high tide flooding, saltwater intrusion, and storm surge.71 Even though many communities are starting to develop adaptation strategies to address current flooding issues, many adaptation strategies are not being designed for longer time horizons and more extreme worst-case climate scenarios.1,67, For the United States, 2017 was a historic year for weather and climate disasters, with widespread impacts and lingering costs. Howell, B. J., 2002: Appalachian culture and environmental planning: Expanding the role of cultural sciences. February 20. Winter air temperature extremes (for example, freezing and chilling events) constrain the northern limit of many tropical and subtropical species.138,139,140,141,142,143,144 Certain ecosystems in the region are located near thresholds where small changes in winter air temperature regimes can trigger comparatively large and abrupt landscape-scale ecological changes (in other words, ecological regime shifts).135,145 Reductions in the frequency and intensity of cold winter air temperature extremes can allow tropical and subtropical species to move northward and replace more temperate species. WebThe Coastal Plain province comprises the southern and eastern thirds of the state, and its elevation varies from sea level to about 300 feet (90 metres). Habeeb, D., J. Vargo, and B. The precise impacts on cities are difficult to project. Drummond, M. A., and T. R. Loveland, 2010: Land-use pressure and a transition to forest-cover loss in the eastern United States. Can Polyketone (PK) Materials Provide an Alternative to Polyoxymethylene (POM)? Exposure to high nighttime minimum temperatures reduces the ability of some people to recover from high daytime temperatures, resulting in heat-related illness and death.26 This effect is particularly pronounced in cities, many of which have urban heat islands that already cause elevated nighttime temperatures.27 Cities are taking steps to prevent negative health impacts from heat. In the non-metropolitan counties in the coastal region, approximately 60% of households have broadband internet service subscriptions. Already poor regions, including those found in the Southeast, are expected to continue incurring greater losses than elsewhere in the United States. Higher temperatures can result in decreasing productivity of some cultivated crops, including cotton, corn, soybeans, and rice.7 Livestock, which includes hogs and pigs, horses, ponies, mules, burros, and donkeys as well as poultry and processed poultry for consumption (for example, chicken nuggets), is a large component of the agricultural sector for these states and the Nation.258 Livestock are all vulnerable to heat stress, and their care under projected future conditions would require new or enhanced adaptive strategies (Ch. Important industrial clusters in the rural coastal region include aerospace and defense, food processing and manufacturing, and energy, among others. B. A late freeze in March 2017 caused over a billion dollars of damages to peaches and other fruit crops.84 To assist peach growers in adapting to such changes, researchers are working to develop peach varieties that can produce quality fruits in warmer winters and are developing winter chill models that can assist in adaptation planning efforts.260,261, Forests, both natural and plantation, in the Southeast are vulnerable to climate variability and change. WebView all Coastal Plains Animal Clinic jobs in El Campo, TX - El Campo jobs - Veterinary Technician jobs in El Campo, TX. The ecological transformations induced by these extreme events will affect many of the benefits that natural systems provide to society. There is high confidence that climate change (e.g., rising temperatures, changing fire regimes, rising sea levels, and more extreme rainfall and drought) will very likely affect agricultural and forest products industries, potentially resulting in economic impacts. For centuries, people have worked in industries such as fishing, farming, and forestry. Federal Transit Administration, Washington, DC, 49 pp. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information, 5 pp. Climate model simulations of future conditions project increases in both temperature and extreme precipitation. Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, 2017: Louisiana's Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast. Sixty-one percent of major Southeast cities are exhibiting some aspects of worsening heat waves, which is a higher percentage than any other region of the country.12 The urban heat island effect (cities that are warmer than surrounding rural areas, especially at night) adds to the impact of heat waves in cities (Ch. Without significant adaptation measures, these regions are projected to experience daily high tide flooding by the end of the century. Events of such magnitudes are projected to become more likely in the future due to a changing climate,19,87 putting more people in peril from future floods. In particular, coastal cities in the Southeast face multiple climate risks, and many planning efforts are underway in these cities. Copyright & Legal Disclaimer, Web Design & Development by Upward Brand Interactions. 118. NOAA Tech Memo OAR CPO-1. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, MD, 58 pp. Center for Progressive Reform White Paper. In metropolitan counties like Wake, Durham, and Mecklenburg, 80% or more rely on broadband.4. McClenachan, L., G. O'Connor, B. P. Neal, J. M. Pandolfi, and J. A. Mendelssohn, 2005: Drought, snails, and large-scale die-off of southern U.S. salt marshes. 8: Coastal, KM 2; Ch. The Southeast includes vast expanses of coastal and inland low-lying areas, the southern portion of the Appalachian Mountains, numerous high-growth metropolitan areas, and large rural expanses. Increases in temperatures, water stress, freeze-free days, drought, and wildfire risks, together with changing conditions for invasive species and the movement of diseases, create a number of potential risks for existing agricultural systems.7 Rural communities tend to be more vulnerable to these changes due to factors such as demography, occupations, earnings, literacy, and poverty incidence.8,9,10 In fact, a recent economic study using a higher scenario (RCP8.5)11 suggests that the southern and midwestern populations are likely to suffer the largest losses from future climate changes in the United States. Increases in temperatures, water stress, freeze-free days, drought, and wildfire risks, together with changing conditions for invasive species and the movement of diseases, create a number of potential risks for existing agricultural systems (Ch. Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies, Washington, DC, 19 pp. Copyright & Legal Disclaimer Zhou, Y., and J. M. Shepherd, 2010: Atlanta's urban heat island under extreme heat conditions and potential mitigation strategies. Warmer winter temperatures are also expected to facilitate the northward movement of problematic invasive species, which could transform natural systems north of their current distribution. Kunkel, K., R. Frankson, J. Runkle, S. Champion, L. Stevens, D. Easterling, and Brooke Stewart, 2017: State Climate Summaries for the United States. Deal, N., 2017: Deal declares state of emergency ahead of Hurricane Irma. Many transportation and storm water systems have not been designed to withstand these events. 4 North Carolina Broadband Infrastructure Office. Springer, Berlin,. 2 Goetz, Stephan J., Partridge, Mark D., and Heather M. Stephens. Historically, coastal ecosystems in the region have adjusted to sea level rise by vertical and horizontal movement across the landscape.125,129,200,201 As sea levels rise in the future, some coastal ecosystems will be submerged and converted to open water, and saltwater intrusion will allow salt-tolerant coastal ecosystems to move inland at the expense of upslope and upriver ecosystems.128,202,203,204,205,206,207,208 Where barriers are present (for example, levees and other coastal infrastructure), the potential for landward migration of natural systems will be reduced and certain coastal habitats will be lost (Ch. Piedmont Region. NDRC, 2016: National Disaster Resilience Competition (NDRC): Grantee Profiles. 1997. WebShaw's coastal plainii 0463v - summit resilient vinyl flooring is the modern choice for beautiful & durable floors. Gabler, C. A., M. J. Osland, J. Supplement to State of the Climate: National Overview for May 2016. High tide coastal flooding has started to inundate these low-lying roads, restricting access during certain times of the day and causing public safety concerns. What is the industries of the coastal plains? Ungerer, M. J., M. P. Ayres, and M. J. Lombardero, 1999: Climate and the northern distribution limits of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Coastal Plains have a varied economy. Drought has been a recurrent issue in the Southeast affecting agriculture, forestry, and water resources.253 With rapid growth in population and overall demand, drought is increasingly a concern for water resource management sectors such as cities, ecosystems, and energy production. Capital consists of the monetary resources available to invest in a business or to purchase goods. doi: Costanza, R., R. de Groot, P. Sutton, S. van der Ploeg, S. J. Anderson, I. Kubiszewski, S. Farber, and R. K. Turner, 2014: Changes in the global value of ecosystem services. - Industries: Federal and state government, farming, horse industry. Browse and download our literature to learn more about Avient solutions and services. The Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain (NACP) aquifer system occupies a land area of more than 30,000 square miles and a total area of 50,000 square miles along the eastern seaboard of the United States from Long Island, New York, southward to the northeastern part of North Carolina. U.S. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, 1535 pp. Supplement to State of the Climate: National Overview for June 2017. Bernatchez, A., and L. Lapointe, 2012: Cooler temperatures favour growth of wild leek (Allium tricoccum), a deciduous forest spring ephemeral. certainty in Key Findings. Governor declares state of emergency as Hurricane Irma's forecast path shifts.. The Tribes experience highlights how success can be achieved when at-risk communities are engaged in the resettlement planning process from the beginning to ensure long-term successful relocation and maintain community integrity.80 It also highlights an opportunity for institutions to evolve in more flexible ways to accommodate the growing number of communities that may need to relocate. Rural communities have benefited from the proliferation of automobiles and improvements in transportation infrastructure, which allow for more rural- to-urban commuting. Morales, J., 2016: Miami Beach coastal flooding forum. Anderson, D. G., T. G. Bissett, S. J. Yerka, J. J. Sweet, W., J. Boon, J. D., 2012: Evidence of sea level acceleration at U.S. and Canadian tide stations, Atlantic Coast, North America. For example, the distribution of tropical herbivorous fish has been expanding in response to warmer waters, which has resulted in the tropicalization of some temperate marine ecosystems and decreases in the cover of valuable macroalgal plant communities.179 A decrease in the growth of sea turtles in the West Atlantic has been linked to higher ocean temperatures.237 Due to climate change, warming ocean temperatures in the coming decades are expected to transform many marine and coastal ecosystems across the Southeast. Florida House of Representatives, 2018: Select Committee on Hurricane Response and Preparedness Final Report. Isle de Jean Charles is a narrow island in the bayous of South Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana, and home to the Isle de Jean Charles Band of Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw, a tribal community already living the day-to-day impacts of land loss, sea level rise, and coastal flooding. Morin, C. W., A. C. Comrie, and K. Ernst, 2013: Climate and dengue transmission: Evidence and implications. Cross-disciplinary groups such as the Georgia Climate Project (http://www.georgiaclimateproject.org) are developing research roadmaps that can help to prioritize research and action with relevance to policymakers, practitioners, and scientists. Daly, C., M. P. Widrlechner, M. D. Halbleib, J. I. Smith, and W. P. Gibson, 2012: Development of a new USDA plant hardiness zone map for the United States. Policy Report 2. Southeastern cities may be more vulnerable than cities in other regions of the United States due to the climate being more conducive to some vector-borne diseases, the presence of multiple large coastal cities at low elevation that are vulnerable to flooding and storms, and a rapidly growing urban and coastal population.22,295,296, Many city and county governments, utilities, and other government and service organizations have already begun to plan and prepare for the impacts of climate change (e.g., Gregg et al. Reef, R., and C. E. Lovelock, 2015: Regulation of water balance in mangroves. Ernst, K. M., and B. L. Preston, 2017: Adaptation opportunities and constraints in coupled systems: Evidence from the U.S. energy-water nexus. Sun, L., K. E. Kunkel, L. E. Stevens, A. Buddenberg, J. G. Dobson, and D. R. Easterling, 2015: Regional Surface Climate Conditions in CMIP3 and CMIP5 for the United States: Differences, Similarities, and Implications for the U.S. National Climate Assessment. 6: Forests, KM 1). Sherrod, C. L., and C. McMillan, 1985: The distributional history and ecology of mangrove vegetation along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastal region. A state of emergency was declared in four states from Florida north to Virginia and in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and, for the first time ever, Atlanta was placed under a tropical storm warning.105,106,107,108 In Florida, a record 6.8 million people were ordered to evacuate, as were 540,000 coastal residents in Georgia and untold numbers in other coastal locations.102,109,110 Nearly 192,000 evacuees were housed in approximately 700 emergency shelters in Florida alone.109 According to NOAAs National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI),84 Irma significantly damaged 65% of the buildings in the Keys and destroyed 25% of them. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Flood Insurance Program, . 0076 . Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. NWS, 2016: The Historic South Carolina Floods of October 15, 2015. Choose from 63 different sets of term:fishing = industry in the coastal plain region flashcards on Quizlet. Today, fishing remains a major industry on the Coastal Plain. Diop, E. S., A. Soumare, N. Diallo, and A. Guisse, 1997: Recent changes of the mangroves of the Saloum River Estuary, Senegal. EPA 430-R-15-001. Businesses locate where they can maximize profit, which often depends on regional uniqueness and comparative advantage. NOAA NCEI, 2018: Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters [web page]. Typically, a rural community is part of a non-metropolitan statistical area that contains cities with populations under 50,000 and that have a high degree of economic and social integration. Boucek, R. E., and J. S. Rehage, 2014: Climate extremes drive changes in functional community structure. Prestemon, J. P., U. Shankar, A. Xiu, K. Talgo, D. Yang, E. Dixon, D. McKenzie, and K. L. Abt, 2016: Projecting wildfire area burned in the south-eastern United States, 201160. The decline is due in large part to land loss and flooding driven by climate change, extreme weather, and unsustainable development practices, which stem from oil and gas production, extraction, and water-management practices.74 This process has resulted in family separation, spreading them across southern Louisiana.75 In addition, the Tribe continues to lose parts of its livelihood and culture, including sacred places, cultural sites and practices, healing plants, traditional foods, and lifeways.76, The Third National Climate Assessment77 discussed the initial plans for resettlement of the Isle de Jean Charles community. They are found in the different sub-regions called: Post Oak-Belt, Piney Woods, and the Blackland Prairies. Ferrario, F., M. W. Beck, C. D. Storlazzi, F. Micheli, C. C. Shepard, and L. Airoldi, 2014: The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation. before making use of copyrighted material. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149. Irmas intensity was impressive by any measure. The Southeast Coastal non-metropolitan area includes Beaufort, Bladen, Carteret, Columbus, Duplin, Greene, Harnett, Lenoir, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, and Wilson counties. Ziska, L. H., D. E. Gebhard, D. A. Frenz, S. Faulkner, B. D. Singer, and J. G. Straka, 2003: Cities as harbingers of climate change: Common ragweed, urbanization, and public health. Heat-related stresses are presently a major concern in the Southeast. Some assets, such as land or natural resources, are unique to a place and influence the types of businesses that can succeed. WebThe Atlantic Plain is one of eight distinct physiographic regions of the United States. With wildfire projected to increase in the Southeast,6,191 prescribed fire (the purposeful ignition of low-intensity fires in a controlled setting), remains the most effective tool for reducing wildfire risk.4,195 Department of Defense (DoD) lands represent the largest reservoirs of biodiversity and native ecosystems in the region.117 Military activities are a frequent source of wildfires, but increases in prescribed fire acres (Figure 19.19) show a corresponding decrease in wildfire ignitions for DoD.4 Climate resilience by DoD is further achieved through restoration of native longleaf pine forests that occupy a wide range of site types, including wetland and well-drained soilsthe latter leading many to characterize this forest as being drought resistant.196,197,198,199 In addition to proactive adaptation through prescribed fire, DoD has been a leader in climate strategies that include regional conservation planning, ecosystem management, endangered species recovery, and research funding. Boucek, R. E., E. E. Gaiser, H. Liu, and J. S. Rehage, 2016: A review of subtropical community resistance and resilience to extreme cold spells. Vergs, A., P. D. Steinberg, M. E. Hay, A. G. B. Poore, A. H. Campbell, E. Ballesteros, K. L. Heck, D. J. Booth, M. A. Coleman, D. A. Feary, W. Figueira, T. Langlois, E. M. Marzinelli, T. Mizerek, P. J. Mumby, Y. Nakamura, M. Roughan, E. van Sebille, A. S. Gupta, D. A. Smale, F. Tomas, T. Wernberg, and S. K. Wilson, 2014: The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: Climate-mediated changes in herbivory and community phase shifts. McKee, K. L., I. Climate change thus acts to increase the vulnerability of this plant to the existing stressors. EPA, 2015: Case Study: Water and Wastewater Utilities Planning for Climate Change. City of Atlanta, 2017: Resilient Atlanta: Actions to build a more equitable future. 2: Temperature-related death and illness. Schnell, J. L., and M. J. Prather, 2017: Co-occurrence of extremes in surface ozone, particulate matter, and temperature over eastern North America. I. Aboveground net primary productivity. A regions uniqueness is based on the availability and productive use of essential assets for production, such as land, labor, and capital. 3 Sigma Consultants for Tennessee Department of Transportation, Nashville, TN, 49 pp. Cities across the Southeast are experiencing more and longer summer heat waves. WebCoastal Plain (Tidewater) Region. Osland, M. J., N. Enwright, R. H. Day, and T. W. Doyle, 2013: Winter climate change and coastal wetland foundation species: Salt marshes vs. mangrove forests in the southeastern United States. Thomson Reuters. Many southeastern cities are particularly vulnerable to climate change compared to cities in other regions, with expected impacts to infrastructure and human health. Sea level rise is already causing an increase in high tide flood events in the Southeast region and is adding to the impact of more extreme coastal flooding events. 11: Urban, KM 2; Ch. In the Southeast, poor air quality can result from emissions (mostly from vehicles and power plants), wildfires, and allergens such as pollen. Future temperature increases are projected to pose challenges for human health. Costanza, J., S. Beck, M. Pyne, A. Terando, M. J. Rubino, R. White, and Jaime Collazo, 2016: Assessing climate-sensitive ecosystems in the Southeastern United States. doi: Smee, D. L., J. Since then, cities like Charleston, South Carolina, have started to invest in flood management activities (see Case Study Charleston, South Carolina, Begins Planning and Reinvesting). Ellison, A. M., M. S. Bank, B. D. Clinton, E. A. Colburn, K. Elliott, C. R. Ford, D. R. Foster, B. D. Kloeppel, J. D. Knoepp, G. M. Lovett, J. Mohan, D. A. Orwig, N. L. Rodenhouse, W. V. Sobczak, K. A. Stinson, J. K. Stone, C. M. Swan, J. Thompson, B. This assessment builds on the above concerns described in the Third National Climate Assessment (NCA3) and includes impacts to urban and rural landscapes as well as natural systems. USGS Professional Paper 1815. Rep. WO-91. Non-Metropolitan and Metropolitan Counties in Eastern North Carolina. Stocker, T. F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, and P. M. Midgley, Eds. Dayton, P. K., 1972: Toward an understanding of community resilience and the potential effects of enrichments to the benthos at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Sweet, W. V., J. J. Marra, and GregoryDusek, 2017: 2016StateofU.S.HighTideFloodinganda2017Outlook. Mitchum, G. T., 2011: Sea Level Changes in the Southeastern United States: Past, Present and Future. Jane Harrison, North Carolina Sea Grants coastal economist, has published four editions online, including this issue on rural economic development. Lindsay, S. W., A. Wilson, N. Golding, T. W. Scott, and W. Takken, 2017: Improving the built environment in urban areas to control Aedes aegypti-borne diseases. For example, in South Florida, the Burmese python and the Brazilian pepper tree are two freeze-sensitive, nonnative species that have, respectively, decimated mammal populations and transformed native plant communities within Everglades National Park.180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188 In the future, warmer winter temperatures are expected to facilitate the northward movement of these problematic invasive species, which would transform natural systems north of their current distribution. You are leaving The Fourth National Climate Assessment and will be redirected to a new site in 5 seconds. NASS, 2017: Farm labor methodology and quality measures. In addition, land and water resources in the coastal region will support further development as long as economic activity is in balance with the capacity of these natural systems.
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