[] can become [i] as part of diphthongs. At the bottom of the Output section you'll see a link Download output lexicon. Save Input Words. Rules apply in the order they're listed. The notation used is the same as in @Doorknob's answer above. So, The replacement string can be blank, as in. Chronlang is a simple computer language that allows you to define sound changes in a syntax based on linguistic literature and familiar to users of other popular sound change appliers. V is any vowel, but v is /v/ in very. Let's take a look at the most common ones. You might find that two or three daughter lineages kind of align in certain ways. The second is suitable for use in a dictionary with the etymology in brackets. I might This word exhibits sounds that did not change with rule B. If your browser doesnt support these, Ive kept the old methods, which involved consolidating everything into the Sound Changes field. Add your rewrite rules at the top and bottom of the file, with the appropriate context specifications. leitor resulting in obra. Runs from the command line using Java and is easily configured with text files. It presents linguistically sound methods for creating naturalistic languageswhich can be reversed to create non-naturalistic languages. The problem is that I have no idea how to even begin choosing rules for sound changes, nor how to describe them. Remnants of Germanic umlaut can be seen in English, e.g. the two input files on the left In another 300 years, the similarity will be a question at some bar's trivia night. Although it seems like sound change happens regardless of grammar, this is not necessarily true. Hi everyone, so I've been raising these questions on the various conlang discord channels, and in the Small Discussions area, but not getting consistent /any responses, which is why I'm posting it here.. inflectional system. What sort of sound changes should you use? The basic idea here is that when you're making your conlang you should have in your mind a parent language (or proto-language) and a child language. The word to be changed will refuse to change. A line beginning with * By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The child language is the result; the language that you will present to other people, or put in your novel, or whatever other reason you conlang for. Only show final output (no arrows) Save Output Words . The Sound Change Applier 2 is an updated version of my C program which applies a set of sound changes to a lexicon. Categories: C=ptkbdg R=rl V=ieaou. E.g. fam(i)ly, mem(o)ry [medial vowels deleted]; 'populu > people [unstressed vowels other than 'a' deleted in Latin if greater than 2 syllables], deletion of initial sound (mostly vowels), apoteca (Latin) > bodega (Spanish) 'warehouse', skola (Latin) > eskola (Old French) 'school', insertion of consonant between consonants, husped > huspede (some Spanish dialects) 'guest', vowel lengthens to fill space from deletion, *ton > to: > tu (English evolution) 'tooth', /s/ or /z/ goes to /r/ usually between vowels or glides, *hauzjan > ho:ren > hieran (English evolution) 'hear', sounds change positions (sometimes sporatically), prbbli > prbli 'probably' (some English dialects), (term for dipthongization used in Germanic linguistics) *kald > ceald (Old English) 'cold', common changes are devoicing of stops or obstruents but sonorants or final vowels can also devoice, lupu > lobo 'wolf'; vi:ta > vida 'life" (Spanish evolution); can affect just stops, just fricatives, or all obstruents for example, nasals agree in place with following sound, velar or alveolar to palato-alveolar before/after /i/ or /j/ or before front vowels, consonants are palatalized upon a condition, susi > susji > susj (some Finnish dialects) 'wolf', auru- > oro (Latin to Spanish) 'gold'; some English dialects before /r/ like fa:r 'fire', ta:r 'tire', low or mid vowels raise to mid or high vowels, long or tense or word-final vowels frequently rise, high or mid vowels lowering to mid or low, vowels vowels frequently lower before uvular or pharyngeal consonants or a low vowel in the next syllable; nasalized vowels often lower, nasalization of vowel before a nasal consonant, bon > bn > b (French) 'good'; common for nasalization to be followed by deletion of the nasal, single consonant changes to a doubled consonant, some Finnish dialects change VCV: to VCCV: as in pakoon > pakkoon 'into flight', sequence of two identical consonants is reduced to a single consonant, pekkatu- > pekado (Latin to Spanish) 'sin, misfortune', consonant (usually a stop or fricative) becomes an affricate, rapra > rara (Cuzco Quechua syllable-final stops) 'leaf, wing', in Mayan, vowels are lengthened before a consonant cluster which begins with a sonorant (l, r, m, n): kenq' > ke:nq', common word-finally, before consonant clusters, when unstressed; long vowels also often merge with short vowels. See the enclosed LICENSE file for the full text of the license. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. as input for the next round of changes). It is intended for anyone who wants to create artificial languagesfor a fantasy or an alien world, as a hobby, as an interlanguage. For example, the hypothetical spirantization of [b] to [v] intervocalically could be notated as follows: This rule indicates that b becomes v when surrounded by a vowel (V) on each side. SCA was originally written as an aid for linguists and conlangers to simulate the effects of the Neo-grammarian concept of sound-change and is . Is there a set of sound change rules that undoes Grimm's law? If you write two novels in the same setting in different periods of time using the same conlang, it's quite likely some sound changes will have happened, so you'll want to implement them. ), and strangest of all, Proto-Indo-European *dw to Armenian erk (???). E.g. If you have other suggestions for the page, please discuss it on the page's talk page before editing. omits the source word from the output, leaving only output words, like this: I'm not asking what sound changes are or how they work; just what I can do to begin using them on my own language. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. This means we can read this as "post-vocalic [x] becomes [h] in initial syllables only.". Now type cd plus the name of the directory The words get "smoothed" like gravel at a beach or in a desert. And of course, you're considering a whole family tree, so you're going to need to do this exercise multiple times. Svelte; Improve this page Add a description, image, and links to the sound-change-applier topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it. Parse .sc will parse the consolidated text in the Sound Changes text box into the appropriate input boxes. You can write transformation rules at the beginning of your sound change list where x is the thing to be changed, By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Kind of a simplistic exercise, but it's a good method to start. > Regular expression syntax? Of course the program knows the first gives the name of the .lex file, containing the lexicon; If at a certain point in time there are some sounds X in words, they all will change to Y even if some of them were W a few centuries ago while some have been X since the beginning of the language. . All I can think of to Add a description, image, and links to the conlang topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it. Some common changes that can form part of your repertoire (with some sample sounds rules): I pay particular attention to the havoc the sound changes are likely to wreak on the sound-change-applier GitHub Topics GitHub Keep a date by your words to indicate when they were first incorporated into your language. For example, in English and Spanish, /n/ becomes [m] before bilabials and [] before velars (e.g. Lexurgy Sound Changer. One or more elements in the environment can be marked as optional with parentheses. Don't feel limited to delete all /e/ after a consonant. This is better if you have, say, a parent language with several daughters each with their own sound change file. I use capital letters Conlang: Reversible sound change applier (Alex Fink, May 10 '06, 7:37) it with; select Notepad. Geoff's Sound Change Applier - Conlang Make your vowels become other vowels and keep me guessing. You may have noticed that applying sound changes to words is quite a tedious process. Thorough documentation is available by pressing the "Help" button, and all the code is open-source and is available on GitHub under the GNU GPLv3 license. More generally, a sound change looks like this: However, it won't affect (say) achior, the executables, pick Save Target As, and save them to your disk. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment . These are defined in the Categories box. Yasgheld is licensed under the MIT software license. You won't have much control over what you get, but you may get something interesting. /ategutul/ goes from 'very gross' to 'inedible food'. So the variable definition and rule Examples: Input Words Sound Changes Output >> >> Load Input Words. The notation above is a common practice in rule-based phonology (I think. (Spaces between >, ->, => and / are insignificant.). I wanted to share something that I found useful in school and in hobby: a guide to sound changes over time. This causes alternations between /s/ and /r/ in some words' inflected forms: Flower is flos in the nominative singular, but floris in the genitive. A WikiProject that aims to create and improve articles about conlangs. Or alternately, one that will work in conjunction with SIL's Toolbox (or other SIL product)? Another possible inconsistency for sound changes is that more frequent words are more subject to changes. The -p command line parameter which tells the program to replace gn with nh unconditionally. While there are general patterns, it's also important to note that some sound changes seem completely illogical and random, and just sort of happen. Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo . It includes an online interface with descriptions of borrowed affixes in terms of their forms and functions, examples of combinations of borrowed affixes with native stems, search functions, maps, and over 230 bibliographical references.. The Haedus Toolbox SCA is a very nice, phonetic segment-operating sound change applier created by Fiona Morrigan, a computational linguist and conlanger. PHOIBLE Online is a repository of cross-linguistic phonological inventory data, which have been extracted from source documents and tertiary databases and compiled into a single searchable convenience sample. You can apply these rules in certain contexts or in very instance. explain particular environments and how they affect and restrict sound changes. A new article is published on the first of every month. the first rule voices the p, resulting in obera; the second Need help? Privacy Policy. It also refers to sounds that disappear altogether. Once you have a list of sound changes, you will want to go through the dictionary of the proto-language and apply those sound changes to every word there. Word generators allow conlangers to quickly create a lexicon from a simple phonology and a defined syllabic structure. Try creating a rule where /e/ only deletes in the second syllable and only if the first syllable is high vowel + affricate. need it on those occasions when I want to do some conlanging, which I haven't had much time for recently. As time progresses and a language is often used, sounds start to change; different phonemes are used. You could write extra rules to handle the digraphs; but it's often more convenient Why does Acts not mention the deaths of Peter and Paul? For instance, sounds will take Assimilation is when a sound changes to become more similar to the surrounding sounds. That can be all there is, as in Sound Changes can happen both unilaterally (in every possible location) or only in certain environments. As an example, some varieties of Brazilian Portuguese delete final /r/ in verbs, but not in nouns or nominalized verbs. Consonants can palatalize before or after a front vowel ([i], [e]) or a palatal consonant ([j]), perhaps ending up as an affricate or fricative. applies its changes to whatever you give it.
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