No law shall be enacted which permits a candidate in any partisan primary or partisan election to have a ballot designation except when required for identification of candidates for the same office who have the same or similar surnames. The board of each institution shall consist of eight members who shall hold office for terms of eight years and who shall be elected as provided by law. The general election was on November 8, 2022. Democratic Gov. } 23 Enumeration of rights not to deny others. The civil service commission may exempt three additional positions of apolicy-making nature within each principal department. The board shall have general supervision of the institution and the control and direction of all expenditures from the institutions funds. Your guide to the 2022 Michigan elections Who's running, what's on the ballot Governor Tudor Dixon, Republican Gretchen Whitmer,* Democrat Attorney general Matthew DePerno, Republican Dana Nessel,* Democrat Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson,* Democrat Kristina Karamo, Republican * incumbents Other statewide offices Michigan Supreme Court A majority of any board of canvassers shall not be composed of members of the same political party. The full text of the proposal amending Article 2, Sections 4 and 7 is as follows (additions capitalized, deletions stricken): Sec. November 8, 2022: General election, Legend: election(s) / no electionsSubject to Ballotpedia's scope. (K) THE RIGHT, ONCE REGISTERED, TO HAVE AN ABSENT VOTER BALLOT SENT TO THE VOTER BEFORE EACH ELECTION BY SUBMITTING A SINGLE SIGNED ABSENT VOTER BALLOT APPLICATION COVERING ALL FUTURE ELECTIONS. No candidate for an office to be canvassed nor any inspector of elections shall be eligible to serve as a member of a board of canvassers. The board of each institution shall consist of eight members who shall hold office for terms of eight years and who shall be elected as provided by law. The governor shall fill any vacancy by appointment for the unexpired term. $(".toggle-button").click(function(e){ Any reduction ordered by the legislature shall apply uniformly to all classes of employees affected by the increases and shall not adjust pay differentials already established by the civil service commission. Any such election shall be held in a manner prescribed by law. Toggle navigation 2022 Michigan Candidate Listing Date: 08/02/2022 Type: Primary, Official. var index = $(this).index() No candidate for an office to be canvassed nor any inspector of elections shall be eligible to serve as a member of a board of canvassers. The governor shall fill board vacancies by appointment. Please update to a modern browser such as Chrome, Firefox or Edge to experience all features Michigan.gov has to offer. $(".toggle-section:eq("+index+")").show(); The supreme court shall consist of seven justices elected at non-partisan elections as provided by law. (4) The legislature shall further implement this section by appropriate legislation. This subsection shall be liberally construed in favor of voters rights in order to effectuate its purposes. $("div.vis_widget_title").click(function(){ Positions shall not be created nor abolished except for reasons of administrative efficiency. The regents of the University of Michigan and their successors in office shall constitute a body corporate known as the Regents of the University of Michigan; the trustees of Michigan State University and their successors in office shall constitute a body corporate known as the Board of Trustees of Michigan State University; the governors of Wayne State University and their successors in office shall constitute a body corporate known as the Board of Governors of Wayne State University. Democratic victories in . The governor shall fill board vacancies by appointment. chevron.removeClass('fa-chevron-up'); The foregoing limitations shall not apply to taxes imposed for the payment of principal and interest on bonds approved by the electors or other evidences of indebtedness approved by the electors or for the payment of assessments or contract obligations in anticipation of which bonds are issued approved by the electors, which taxes may be imposed without limitation as to rate or amount; or, subject to the provisions of Section 25 through 34 of this article, to taxes imposed for any other purpose by any city, village, charter county, charter township, charter authority or other authority, the tax limitations of which are provided by charter or by general law. The legislature shall implement this section by appropriate legislation. The legislature shall provide by law for the establishment and financial support of public community and junior colleges which shall be supervised and controlled by locally elected boards. presented with the following question: A PROPOSAL TO AMEND THE STATE CONSTITUTION TO REQUIRE ANNUAL PUBLIC FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE REPORTS BY 22. } PUBLIC ELECTION OFFICIALS SHALL MAINTAIN THE SECURITY AND CUSTODY OF ALL BALLOTS AND ELECTION MATERIALS DURING AN ELECTION AUDIT. display: block; if (chevron.hasClass('fa-chevron-down')) { (2) A board of state canvassers of four members shall be established by law. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS PART {B) OF SUBSECTION (4)(1), A POSTMARK SHALL INCLUDE ANY TYPE OF MARK APPLIED BY THE UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE OR ANY DELIVERY SERVICE TO THE RETURN ENVELOPE, First-time donations to our spring campaign are matched by the Herrick Foundation! 51. This page lists those candidates who have filed for upcoming state elections. 31 General appropriation bills; priority, statement of estimated revenue. } If so, was a photo or non-photo ID required? That suit was one of . border: none !important; Or type your full your address (street, city, state, ZIP) in box below. Article 7, 18 Township officers; term, powers and duties. Michigan State Police investigates Detroit shooting on Davison Freeway near I-75 . chevron = $(this).find('i.fa-pull-right'); The governor shall issue writs of election to fill vacancies in the senate or house of representatives. AN INDIVIDUALS RIGHT TO REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM SHALL NOT BE DENIED, BURDENED, NOR INFRINGED UPON UNLESS JUSTIFIED BY A COMPELLING STATE INTEREST ACHIEVED BY THE LEAST RESTRICTIVE MEANS. According to a recent Center survey, 72% of registered . He shall be the principal executive officer of the institution, be ex-officio a member of the board without the right to vote and preside at meetings of the board. chevron.addClass('fa-chevron-down'); (1) Every citizen of the United States who is an elector qualified to vote in Michigan shall have the following rights: (a) The right, once registered, to vote a secret ballot in all elections. Sec. (1) A person may not be elected to the office of state representative or state senator for terms or partial terms that combined total more than 12 years. Find information about the Board of State Canvassers and its meeting notices. See Live results as Michigan votes on key ballot measures by state, county and district from NBC News. TABLE OF CONTENTS widget_load_check_jquery(); (b) The human embryos were created for the purpose of fertility treatment and, with voluntary and informed consent, documented in writing, the person seeking fertility treatment chose to donate the embryos for research; and (i) the embryos were in excess of the clinical need of the person seeking the fertility treatment and would otherwise be discarded unless they are used for research; or (ii) the embryos were not suitable for implantation and would otherwise be discarded unless they are used for research. Candidate Filing Requirements. THE EXERCISE OF THE RIGHT IN THIS PART(K) OF SUBSECTION (4)(1) SHALL REMAIN IN EFFECT WITHOUT THE NEED FOR A NEW ABSENT VOTER BALLOT APPLICATION WHEN THE VOTER CHANGES THEIR RESIDENCE IN THIS STATE AND UPDATES THEIR VOTER REGISTRATION ADDRESS. This proposed constitutional amendment would: A proposal to amend the state constitution to require annual public financial disclosure reports by legislators and other state officers and change state legislator term limit to 12 total years in legislature. The previous gubernatorial elections for this group of states took place in 2022, except in New Hampshire and Vermont, where governors serve two-year terms and will elect their governors in 2024 . DOWNLOAD THE APP The election coincided with elections for all of Michigan's constitutional offices; Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of State and all 110 seats in the Michigan House of Representatives. Payments made by a lobbyist or lobbyist agent to a charity in lieu of honoraria. .mobile-app-cta:hover { THOSE ACTIONS SHALL BE BROUGHT IN THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR THE COUNTY IN WHICH A PLAINTIFF RESIDES. Previous rating: Toss-Up. The term of office shall be eight years and not more than two terms of office shall expire at the same time. } else { 2. }); Ballotpedia features 408,463 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. IF THOSE ELECTION OFFICIALS DETERMINE FROM EITHER OF THE COMPARISONS IN (1) OR (2) OF THIS PART (H) OF SUBSECTION (4)(1) THAT THE SIGNATURES DO NOT SUFFICIENTLY AGREE, OR IF THE VOTERS SIGNATURE ON THE ABSENT VOTER BALLOT APPLICATION OR ABSENT VOTER BALLOT ENVELOPE IS MISSING, THE VOTER HAS A RIGHT TO BE NOTIFIED IMMEDIATELY AND AFFORDED DUE PROCESS, INCLUDING AN EQUITABLE OPPORTUNITY TO CORRECT THE ISSUE WITH THE SIGNATURE. The board may elect one of its members or may designate the president, to preside at board meetings. (3) A COUNTY, CITY, OR TOWNSHIP CONDUCTING AN ELECTION MAY ACCEPT AND USE PUBLICLY-DISCLOSED CHARITABLE DONATIONS AND IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS TO CONDUCT AND ADMINISTER ELECTIONS. Whenever any question is required to be submitted by a political subdivision to the electors for the increase of the ad valorem tax rate limitation imposed by Section 6 of Article IX for a period of more than five years, or for the issue of bonds, only electors in, and who have property assessed for any ad valorem taxes in, any part of the district or territory to be affected by the result of such election or electors who are the lawful husbands or wives of such persons shall be entitled to vote thereon. chevron = $(this).find('i.fa-pull-right'); Former Detroit police chief James Craig was one of the candidates removed from the ballot, but he has since launched a write-in campaign. Were all voters required to present ID at the polls? Sec. } Sec. background: grey; (5) If legislation implementing this section is not enacted by December 31, 2023, a resident of this state may initiate a legal action against the legislature and the governor in the Michigan supreme court to enforce the requirements of this section. } Click the link below to learn about that race. Sec. No person shall be denied the equal protection of the laws; nor shall any person be denied the enjoyment of his civil or political rights or be discriminated against in the exercise thereof because of religion, race, color or national origin. .sample-ballot-mobile-promo, .sample-ballot-mobile-promo a, .sample-ballot-mobile-promo a:hover { No money shall be paid out of the state treasury except in pursuance of appropriations made by law. (6) A BOARD OF CANVASSERS IS AUTHORIZED TO CONDUCT POST-CERTIFICATION RECOUNTS OF ELECTION RESULTS UNDER PROCEDURES PRESCRIBED BY LAW. Sec. Sec. Sec. (H)(g)The right, once registered, to vote an absent voter ballot without giving a reason, during the forty (40) days before an election, and the right to choose whether the absent voter ballot is applied for, received and submitted in person or by mail. Michigan Republicans on Saturday endorsed a pair of Trump-backed candidates who supper the former president's false claims that the 2020 election was stolen. Section 6. Their jurisdiction, compensation and powers within this period shall be as provided by law. This review shall include, as a minimum, the determination whether such final decisions, findings, rulings and orders are authorized by law; and, in cases in which a hearing is required, whether the same are supported by competent, material and substantial evidence on the whole record. 4. chevron.removeClass('fa-chevron-up'); The listings are subject to change until the applicable filing, withdrawal and ballot certification deadlines have elapsed. color: white; There are 99 chambers throughout the country. Sec. Article 6, 26 Circuit court commissioners and justices of the peace, abolition; courts of limited jurisdiction. Michigan will hold its 2022 midterm elections on Tuesday, November 8. Help us provide information on American politics. (1) No member of the legislature nor any state officer shall be interested directly or indirectly in any contract with the state or any political subdivision thereof which shall cause a substantial conflict of interest. JURISDICTIONS CONDUCTING ELECTIONS WITHIN A COUNTY MAY ENTER INTO AGREEMENTS TO SHARE EARLY VOTING SITES. Sec. Congress 10th Congressional District Nikki Roach/WDET INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO A BAR CODE OR ANY TRACKING MARKS, WHICH INDICATES WHEN A BALLOT WAS MAILED. 5. Updated: 06/06/2022@09:49 AM Candidates: 952 Remaining: 822 Races . Require members of the legislature, the governor, the lieutenant governor, the secretary of state, and the attorney general to file annual public financial disclosure reports after 2023, reporting assets, liabilities, income, positions held, future employment agreements, gifts, travel reimbursements, and other payments. }. 5. chevron.addClass('fa-chevron-up'); function resizeChevron() { Require legislature implement but not limit or restrict reporting requirements. EACH EARLY VOTING SITE SHALL BE OPEN FOR AT LEAST NINE (9) CONSECUTIVE DAYS BEGINNING ON THE SECOND SATURDAY BEFORE THE ELECTION AND ENDING ON THE SUNDAY BEFORE THE ELECTION, FOR AT LEAST EIGHT (8) HOURS EACH DAY, AND MAY BE OPEN FOR ADDITIONAL DAYS AND HOURS BEYOND WHAT IS REQUIRED HEREIN AT THE DISCRETION OF THE ELECTION OFFICIAL AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE BALLOTS IN THE JURISDICTION CONDUCTING THE ELECTION. Statewide election dates August 2, 2022: Primary November 8, 2022: General election Offices on the ballot Below is a list of Michigan elections covered by Ballotpedia in 2022. $(this).next('div.vis_widget_table').slideToggle('normal'); The Biden Presidency Facts First 2022 Midterms Audio Live TV . chevron.addClass('fa-chevron-down'); chevron.addClass('fa-chevron-up'); For more dates, please see the elections calendar. The full text of the proposal amending Article I to add Section 28 is as follows: ARTICLE 1, SECTION 28 RIGHT TO REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM. The administration of the commissions powers shall be vested in a state personnel director who shall be a member of the classified service and who shall be responsible to and selected by the commission after open competitive examination. THE SYSTEM SHALL PERMIT VOTERS TO ELECT TO RECEIVE ELECTRONIC NOTIFICATIONS REGARDING THE STATUS OF THE VOTERS SUBMITTED ABSENT VOTER BALLOT APPLICATION AND ABSENT VOTER BALLOT, INFORM VOTERS OF ANY DEFICIENCY WITH THE VOTERS SUBMITTED ABSENT VOTER BALLOT APPLICATION OR ABSENT VOTER BALLOT, AND PROVIDE INSTRUCTIONS FOR ADDRESSING ANY SUCH DEFICIENCY. Web site: fec.gov. (2) To ensure that Michigan citizens have access to stem cell therapies and cures, and to ensure that physicians and researchers can conduct the most promising forms of medical research in this state, and that all such research is conducted safely and ethically, any research permitted under federal law on human embryos may be conducted in Michigan, subject to the requirements of federal law and only the following additional limitations and requirements: (a) No stem cells may be taken from a human embryo more than fourteen days after cell division begins; provided, however, that time during which an embryo is frozen does not count against this fourteen day limit. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this constitution or in the constitution or laws of the United States the legislature shall enact laws to regulate the time, place and manner of all nominations and elections, to preserve the purity of elections, to preserve the secrecy of the ballot, to guard against abuses of the elective franchise, and to provide for a system of voter registration and absentee voting. Was early voting available to all voters? Sec. Except to the extent limited or abrogated by article IV, section 6, or article V, section 2, the judicial power of the state is vested exclusively in one court of justice which shall be divided into one supreme court, one court of appeals, one trial court of general jurisdiction known as the circuit court, one probate court, and courts of limited jurisdiction that the legislature may establish by a two-thirds vote of the members elected to and serving in each house. Petition Signature Requirements by Population. Sec. Within six months after the conclusion of each fiscal year the commission shall return to the state treasury all moneys unexpended for that fiscal year. 3. if (typeof VoterInfobyState_Toggle === 'undefined') { The classified state civil service shall consist of all positions in the state service except those filled by popular election, heads of principal departments, members of boards and commissions, the principal executive officer of boards and commissions heading principal departments, employees of courts of record, employees of the legislature, employees of the state institutions of higher education, all persons in the armed forces of the state, eight exempt positions in the office of the governor, and within each principal department, when requested by the department head, two other exempt positions, one of which shall be policy-making. text-align: center; Several races will have a significant impact on our state's future, including the races for governor, attorney general and secretary of state. 26. display: none; Sec. Michigan Governor Election Results 2022 d Incumbent Projected winner Gretchen Whitmer 54.5% 2,430,505 r Tudor Dixon 43.9% 1,960,635 99% expected votes in + all candidates Detroit Grand. Nothing contained in this subsection shall prevent the legislature from expanding voters rights beyond what is provided herein. The legislature may, by a majority vote of the members elected to and serving in each house, waive the notice and permit increases in rates of compensation to be effective at a time other than the start of a fiscal year. margin: 10px auto; 1. Businesswoman and conservative commentator Tudor Dixon won the Republican primary for Michigan governor on . No member shall be expelled a second time for the same cause. Our goal is to inform people about politics by providing accurate and objective information about politics at all levels of government. We are firmly committed to neutrality in our content. 7. if ($(this).next('div.vis_widget_table').is(":hidden")) { (WDIV) The 2022 Michigan General Election will be held on Tuesday, Nov. 8, and there are a slew of key races. Michigans nonpartisan, nonprofit news source, Please further the work we do with a donation, Michigan bars, restaurants can reopen Feb. 1 with restrictions, state says. Michigan Election Results Midterms 2022. What were the early voting start and end dates? Sec. Apply for the Ballotpedia Fellows Program. .mobile-app-cta { Michigan Midterm Election 2022, a state guide to help plan your vote, including key dates, voting info, and Primary results for Republican and Democratic candidates as the countdown to November . .sample-ballot-mobile-promo, .mobile-app-cta { The supreme court may prescribe by rule that the court of appeals sit in divisions and for the terms of court and the times and places thereof. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. Voters . To file for office with the Bureau of Elections: SCHEDULE AN OFFICE VISIT The Bureau of Elections now has an Ombudsperson for Accessible Elections to respond to and assist individuals with disabilities attempting to vote. The amount of any surplus created or deficit incurred in any fund during the last preceding fiscal period shall be entered as an item in the budget and in one of the appropriation bills. The department of state shall make the report available to the public online. Agreements or arrangements with respect to future employment, a leave of absence while serving as a legislator or state officer, continuation or deferral of payments by a former or current employer other than the state of Michigan, or continuing participation in an employee welfare or benefit plan maintained by a former employer. All rights reserved. (1) Every citizen of the United States who is an elector qualified to vote in Michigan shall have the following rights: (a) THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO VOTE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TOTthe right, once registered, to vote a secret ballot in all elections. This page lists those candidates who have filed for upcoming state elections. chevron.addClass('fa-chevron-down'); The legislature may not reduce rates of compensation below those in effect at the time of the transmission of increases authorized by the commission. VoterInfobyState_Resized = true; A report required to be filed under this section must include information regarding all of the following: (3) The financial disclosure report required under subsection (2) must be filed with the department of state in a form and manner prescribed by state law. Findings of fact in workmens compensation proceedings shall be conclusive in the absence of fraud unless otherwise provided by law. Candidates running for federal office should contact the Federal Election Commission, 1050 First Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20463. Disability parking and placard information, disability parking, disability plate, disabled parking permit, and wheelchair. The 2020 voting surge followed unusually high turnout in the 2018 midterm elections, when about 47.5% of the voting-age population - and 51.8% of voting-age citizens - went to the polls. Republican John Duarte has inched in front of moderate Democrat Adam Gray, despite the fact this Central Valley district went for President Joe Biden by 11 points in 2020 . Michigan general election to be held Tuesday, Nov. 8 Michigan Voter Guide. } The governor shall submit to the legislature at a time fixed by law, a budget for the ensuing fiscal period setting forth in detail, for all operating funds, the proposed expenditures and estimated revenue of the state. } State board of education; members, nomination, election, term. } He shall be the chairman of the board without the right to vote, and shall be responsible for the execution of its policies. Sec. "We cannot afford to ignore the obvious lessons of the 2022 election cycle," the report's introduction . Sec. (f) The right to register to vote for an election by (1) appearing in person and submitting a completed voter registration application on or before the fifteenth (15th) day before that election to an election official authorized to receive voter registration applications, or (2) beginning on the fourteenth (14th) day before that election and continuing through the day of that election, appearing in person, submitting a completed voter registration application and providing proof of residency to an election official responsible for maintaining custody of the registration file where the person resides, or their deputies. He shall be the principal executive officer of a state department of education which shall have powers and duties provided by law. Reduce current term limits for state representatives and state senators to a 12-year total limit in any combination between the house of representatives and the senate, with the exception that a person elected to the senate in 2022 may be elected the number of times allowed when that person became a candidate. AN EARLY VOTING SITE SHALL ALSO BE SUBJECT TO THE SAME REQUIREMENTSAS AN ELECTION DAY PRECINCT, EXCEPT THAT ANY STATUTORY LIMIT ON THE NUMBER OF VOTERS ASSIGNED TO A PRECINCT SHALL NOT APPLY TO AN EARLY VOTING SITE. NO PERSON SHALL: (1) ENACT OR USE ANY LAW, RULE, REGULATION, QUALIFICATION, PREREQUISITE, STANDARD, PRACTICE, OR PROCEDURE; (2) ENGAGE IN ANY HARASSING, THREATENING, OR INTIMIDATING CONDUCT; OR (3) USE ANY MEANS WHATSOEVER, ANY OF WHICH HAS THE INTENT OR EFFECT OF DENYING, ABRIDGING, INTERFERING WITH, OR UNREASONABLY BURDENING THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO VOTE. On the same date, the governor shall submit to the legislature general appropriation bills to embody the proposed expenditures and any necessary bill or bills to provide new or additional revenues to meet proposed expenditures. (4) IF THE CERTIFIED RESULTS FOR ANY OFFICE CERTIFIED BY THE BOARD OF STATE CANVASSERS SHOW A TIE AMONG TWO (2) OR MORE PERSONS, THE TIE SHALL BE RESOLVED AND THE WINNER CERTIFIED BY THE DRAWING OF LOTS UNDER RULES PROMULGATED BY THE BOARD OF STATE CANVASSERS. Seats in the Michigan Senate were last . Will you become a Bridge Michigan member today? 5 Classified state civil service; scope; exempted positions; appointment and terms of members of state civil service commission; state personnel director; duties of commission; collective bargaining for state police troopers and sergeants; appointments, promotions, demotions, or removals; increases or reductions in compensation; creating or abolishing positions; recommending compensation for unclassified service; appropriation; reports of expenditures; annual audit; payment for personal services; violation; injunctive or mandamus proceedings. } Title and registration requirements; special titles; name changes; address changes; license plate fees; insurance requirements; new Michigan residents; lost titles; lost license plates; and deceased vehicle owners. Article 4, 16 Legislature; officers, rules of procedure, expulsion of members. Decision Desk HQ also called the U.S. House race for Michigan's 3rd Congressional District for Democrat Hillary Scholten and Democratic Rep. Dan Kildee for the state's 8th . What was the voter registration deadline? A vacancy shall occur in the office of judge of any court of record or in the district court by death, removal, resignation or vacating of the office, and such vacancy shall be filled by appointment by the governor. Below is the state House map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle. text-decoration: none; } Violation of any of the provisions hereof may be restrained or observance compelled by injunctive or mandamus proceedings brought by any citizen of the state. (g) The right, once registered, to vote an absent voter ballot without giving a reason, during the forty (40) days before an election, and the right to choose whether the absent voter ballot is applied for, received and submitted in person or by mail. Statewide Governor; District US Representative . 1st District; 2nd District; 3rd District; 4th District; 5th District; 6th District; Sec. He shall be the principal executive officer of the institution, be ex-officio a member of the board without the right to vote and preside at meetings of the board. Section 27. width: 300px; (d) All stem cell research and all stem cell therapies and cures must be conducted and provided in accordance with state and local laws of general applicability, including but not limited to laws concerning scientific and medical practices and patient safety and privacy, to the extent that any such laws do not: (i) prevent, restrict, obstruct, or discourage any stem cell research or stem cell therapies and cures that are permitted by the provisions of this section; or (ii) create disincentives for any person to engage in or otherwise associate with such research or therapies or cures. 18. Politics Updated on Aug 2, 2022 11:54 PM EDT Published on Aug 1, 2022 4:01 PM EDT. A JURISDICTION CONDUCTING AN ELECTION MAY ENTER INTO AN AGREEMENT WITH THE CLERK OF THE COUNTY IN WHICH IT IS LOCATED AUTHORIZING THE COUNTY CLERK TO CONDUCT EARLY VOTING FOR THE JURISDICTION. Any bill requiring an appropriation to carry out its purpose shall be considered an appropriation bill. Article 5, 13 Elections to fill vacancies in legislature. Article 6, 2 Justices of the supreme court; number, term, nomination, election. Elections administration, including the Election Inspector's Guide; absentee voting; and the Michigan Qualified Voter File. Each board shall, as often as necessary, elect a president of the institution under its supervision.
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